B
- Bacon, Francis
- Bacon, Roger
- Bakhtin Circle
- Beattie, James
- Beauvoir, Simone de
- Beccaria, Cesare
- Behaviorism
- Bentham, Jeremy
- Berkeley, George
- Berlin Circle
- Bhartrihari
- Bhedābheda Vedānta
- Blaga, Lucian
- Blame and Praise
- Blondel, Maurice
- Bolingbroke, Henry St. John
- Bolzano on Mathematical Knowledge
- Bonhoeffer, Dietrich
- Brain-in-a-Vat Argument
- Buber, Martin
- Buddha
- Buddhism – Madhyamaka
- Buddhism – Pudgalavāda
- Butler, Joseph