Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth

Introduction

pp. 351-352 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0039
By Karen Sánchez-Eppler

Object Lesson

“Our Community Helpers” and the American Feminist Struggle against Stereotypes

pp. 353-357 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0042

Essays

The Girls of 83 Round Hill Road: Boarding Houses, Social Interaction, and the Culture of Consumption at Smith College, 1892–1895

pp. 359-392 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0045
By Emily Hamilton-Honey

Abstract: By utilizing unique source material preserved in the scrapbooks of Smith College women, this article examines the links between the emerging culture of consumption in the late nineteenth century, the carefully regulated beginnings of higher education for women, and the new social spaces that college women created for themselves. Scrapbooks such as these provide firsthand, unmediated accounts of personal experience and offer a myriad of evidence concerning historical social patterns. Examining one group of students who shared a boardinghouse at Smith College in the 1890s, this article asserts that their subversive navigation of personal and social space within their boardinghouse and the town of Northampton, Massachusetts, was part of a larger historical pattern. Consumption of goods and services in the company of oth- ers enabled these women to negotiate a balance between private institutional space and public consumer spaces, gaining a considerable amount of personal autonomy and independence.

Food Rationing and Children’s Self-Reliance in Japan, 1942–1952

pp. 393-418 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0032
By L. Halliday Piel

Abstract: This paper focuses on the intersection between (1) childhood hunger in wartime Japan, (2) gov- ernment policy for keeping children fed, and (3) children’s self-help strategies to feed them- selves in response to the shortcomings of government policy. It shows a discrepancy between the wartime state’s interest in raising healthy children to make fit soldiers and what was actually done to keep children healthy. This paper argues that Japanese preteens could not rely entirely on parental and state protection and became actively engaged in their own survival.

“My Room! Private! Keep Out! This Means You!”: A Brief Overview of the Emergence of the Autonomous Teen Bedroom in Post–World War II America

pp. 419-443 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0034
By Jason Reid

Abstract: This article offers a brief explanation as to why the autonomous teen bedroom became a normative feature of family life in the United States during the years following World War Two. An exclusive space that was largely restricted to middle-class, urban-dwelling girls during the Victorian era and interwar years, the teen bedroom underwent a process of democratization during the postwar years, as demographic/economic trends, shifting views on child-rearing, and the flowering of a consumer-oriented teen culture helped lay the groundwork for the emergence of the teen bedroom ideal among boys and girls from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Particular attention is paid to shifts in family size, income, and home size; the roles played by American youth and various business interests in turning the teen bedroom into a favored site of leisure and consumption; and the growing importance of child development theory and popular child-rearing advice in positioning the teen bedroom as an important tool in the maturation process.

Pricing the Priceless Child: A Retrospective

A Child Comes of Age: Viviana Zelizer: Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children: A Retrospective

pp. 445-448 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0036
By Birgitte Søland

The Priceless Child Turns Twenty-seven

pp. 449-456 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0038
By Viviana A. Zelizer

Viviana Zelizer : Giving Meaning to the History of Childhood

pp. 457-461 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0041
By Paula S. Fass

The Priceless Child as History

pp. 462-467 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0044
By Michael B. Katz

Pricing The Priceless Child: A Wonderful Problematic

pp. 468-473 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0047
By Daniel Thomas Cook

Pricing the Priceless Child as a Teaching Treasure

pp. 474-480 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0033
By Barrie Thorne

Teaching Pricing the Priceless Child in a Global Context

pp. 481-484 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0035
By Linda Gordon

Book Reviews

Generations Past: Youth in East African History (review)

pp. 485-489 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0037
By Timothy Cleaveland

Developmental Fairy Tales: Evolutionary Thinking and Modern Chinese Culture (review)

pp. 490-492 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0040
By Madeleine Yue Dong

You Can Help Your Country: English Children’s Work during the Second World War (review)

pp. 493-495 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0043
By Lee A. Talley

Raising Racists: The Socialization of White Children in the Jim Crow South (review)

pp. 496-498 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0046
By Susan Eckelmann

Contributors

pp. 499-501 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0048

Introduction

pp. 179-180 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0022
By Laura L. Lovett

Object Lesson

Teaching Children Confidence in a High Tech World: The Netherlands 1950-1962

pp. 181-191 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0025
By Dick van Lente

Essays

Education’s Unfulfilled Promise: The Politics of Schooling for African American Children in Nineteenth Century New York City

pp. 193-218 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0028
By Jane E. Dabel

Masculinity, the Body, and Coming of Age in the Nineteenth-Century Russian Cadet Corps

pp. 219-238 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0031
By Rebecca Friedman

Gender and Generation in Swedish School Radio Broadcasts in the 1930s: An Exploratory Case Study

pp. 239-259 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0017
By Anne-Li Lindgren

Treasured Memories: Growing Up German-Russian on the Northern Plains

pp. 260-282 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0019
By Jessica Clark

Our Genius, Goodness, and Gumption: Child Actresses and National Identity in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America

pp. 283-308 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0021
By Nan Mullenneaux

Contemporary Children

Juárez: Presente y Futuro, A Children’s City Drawn

pp. 309-321 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0024
Denise S. Ortega, Mariana Ortega

Book Reviews

Industrial Violence and the Legal Origins of Child Labor (review)

pp. 323-327 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0027
By Corinne T. Field

Suspended Animation: Children’s Picture Books and the Fairy Tale of Modernity (review)

pp. 328-330 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0030
By Meredith A. Bak

Boys and Girls in No Man’s Land: English-Canadian Children and the First World War (review)

pp. 331-333 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0016
By Kristine Alexander

Disciplining Women: Alpha Kappa Alpha, Black Counterpublics, and the Cultural Politics of Black Sororities (review)

pp. 334-336 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0018
By Diana B. Turk

Not in This Family: Gays and the Meaning of Kinship in Postwar America (review)

pp. 337-339 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0020
By Gabriel Rosenberg

Schooling the Freed People: Teaching, Learning, and the Struggle for Black Freedom, 1861-1876 (review)

pp. 340-342 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0023
By Kim Cary Warren

Boy Scouts of America: A Centennial History, and: The Scouting Party: Pioneering and Preservation, Progressivism and Preparedness in the Making of the Boy Scouts of America (review)

pp. 343-347 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0026
By Ben Jordan

Contributors

pp. 348-349 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0029

Introduction

pp. 1-3 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0006
By Karen Sánchez-Eppler

Object Lesson

Children, Ideology, and Iconography: How Babies Rule the World

pp. 5-13 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0009
By Karen Dubinsky

Presidential Address

Why the History of Childhood Matters

pp. 15-28 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0012
By Steven Mintz

Essays

Springtime and Morning Suns: “Youth” as a Political Category in Twentieth-century China

pp. 31-51 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0014
By Fabio Lanza

Abstract: This paper looks at the complex history of youth movements in twentieth-century China in order to investigate the connection (one I find problematic) between, on the one hand, the indisputable and massive presence of young people in political events and, on the other, the inscription and justification of the political significance of these events under the category of “youth.” I analyze three cases in the long history of Chinese student activism— May Fourth 1919, the initial phase of the Cultural Revolution in 1966–67, and the Beijing spring of 1989—to pursue precisely the question of whether in these movements of young people, “youth” was a category of politics, or, to put it differently, whether the political significance of these events was at least in part expressed and realized through the signifier “youth.” By doing so, I disarticulate the seemingly “natural” connection between political activism of young people and the framing of that activism in terms of “youth.”

Children of the Revolution: Parents, Children, and the Revolutionary Struggle in Late Imperial Russia

pp. 52-86 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0001
By Katy Turton

Abstract: While there has been a considerable growth in scholarly interest in Russian child- hood and youth, the presence of children in the revolutionary movement has largely been overlooked. Studies of female revolutionaries have acknowledged that family concerns often had an impact on women’s party careers, but few have explored fully the relationship between mothers and their children. Similarly, “general” historical works on the Russian revolution have rarely engaged with questions about the family lives of the predominantly male party members. This article will assess how becoming a parent affected the careers of both male and female revolutionaries, as well as the ways in which familial concerns and the presence of children had an impact on the movement itself. It will highlight that children could have both positive and negative effects on the operations of the underground, at times disrupting activities, but at others proving to be useful decoys and helpers. Children’s attitudes to their parents’ revolutionary careers will also be examined, highlighting that while some children wished they had less politically active parents, others enthusiastically helped the movement. Though expanding the scholarly gaze on the Russian underground to take in the presence of children does not change the grand narrative of the revolution, it enriches our understanding considerably and offers a new insight into the daily struggles of the revolutionary movement.

They “Used to Tear Around the Campus Like Savages”: Children’s and Youth’s Activities in the Santo Tomás Internment Camp, 1942-1945

pp. 87-117 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0003
By Jennifer Robin Terry

Abstract: Commencing late 1941, Japanese soldiers apprehended and interned Western colonials throughout the South Pacific. Drawing on memoirs, diaries, camp documents, and other historical accounts, this article analyzes the intersection of Western mores, wartime captivity, and childhood as it examines the ways Western civilian internees dealt with the hardship and humiliation of imprisonment in the Santo Tomás Internment Camp in Manila. To some extent, internees normalized their daily lives by creating a community that mirrored Western culture and society. Directing and organizing children’s and adolescent’s activities was one key to this normalization process. In creating structure, order, and affirming children’s worth within their community, Western internees sought to preserve and reinforce cultural mores and manners in the face of Japanese ascendency. Further, this study acknowledges and highlights children’s agency, exploring their reactions to adults (both Western and Japanese), relationships with one another, and their manipulation of the environment. It appears that, at least initially, many children experienced a degree of freedom within captivity that they had not known prior to war. This study is significant because it complicates current adult-centric studies of World War II internment in the Pacific and illustrates children’s integral role in community and cultural identity.

Childhood in the Maelstrom of Political Unrest: The Childtowns (Παιδοπόλεις/Paidopoleis) and the Experience of Displacement in Thrace during the Greek Civil War (1946-1949)

pp. 118-149 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0005
By Vassiliki Vassiloudi, Vassiliki Theodorou

Abstract: Inscribed in the current historiography on World War II childhoods, this contribu- tion, based on oral testimonies and written sources, explores the fortunes of Greek children from the region of Thrace in the aftermath of World War II. During the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), fought between the Communists and the anticommunists, children were forced to leave their native villages and be interned in the “Childtowns,” special institutions devel- oped to house them, so as to be protected from the dangerous “Other”: the Greek Communists. The paper probes issues such as the conditions of the children’s transportation from their native villages; the manner and the reasons that these relocations were organized; children’s living conditions initially in their native villages and, later, in the “Childtowns”; the informants’ feelings about their displacement, albeit interpreted through the lens of memory; and the children’s ideological formation within the framework of modernization.

Book Reviews

Introduction

pp. 151-153 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0015
By Susan Miller

Tituba of Salem Village (review)

pp. 154-156 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0008
By Anna Mae Duane

Suffering Childhood in Early America: Violence, Race, and the Making of the Child Victim (review)

pp. 157-159 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0011
By Julie Sievers

The Nurture of Nature: Childhood, Antimodernism, and Ontario Summer Camps, 1920-55 (review)

pp. 160-162 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0013
By James Onusko

Who Gets a Childhood? Race and Juvenile Justice in Twentieth-Century Texas (review)

pp. 163-165 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0000
By Jennifer Trost

Lost Kids: Vulnerable Children and Youth in Twentieth-Century Canada and the United States (review)

pp. 166-168 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0002
By Myra Rutherdale

The Forgotten Generation: American Children and World War II, and: The Lost Children: Reconstructing Europe’s Families after World War II (review)

pp. 169-173 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0004
By Sara Fieldston

Girls’ Secondary Education in the Western World: From the 18th to the 20th Century (review)

pp. 174-176 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0007
By Emily Bruce

Contributors

pp. 177-178 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2012.0010

Introduction

pp. 357-358 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0044
By Laura L. Lovett

Object Lesson

Salmon, Gulls, and Baboons?: Oh My

pp. 359-367 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0035
By Erika Lorraine Milam

Essays

“Personal Powers of the Child”: Object Lessons and Languages of Agency in the Sciences of Childhood

pp. 369-381 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0038
By Anna Christina Rose

“Locke’s Children”

pp. 382-402 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0041
By Adriana Silvia Benzaquén

A Family Science: The Baby Biography in Imperial Germany

pp. 403-418 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0047
By Amanda M. Brian

“Living Machines”: Performance and Pedagogy at Robert Owen’s Institute for the Formation of Character, New Lanark, 1816-1828

pp. 419-433 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0033
By Cornelia Lambert

Picturing Nature and Childhood at the American Museum of Natural History and the Brooklyn Children’s Museum, 1899-1930

pp. 434-469 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0039
By Rebecca Stiles Onion

The Evolution of Childhood

pp. 470-494 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0042
By Anthony Volk

Contemporary Children

Children and the Culture of Climate Change

pp. 497-505 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0045
By Sheridan Bartlett

Book Reviews

Debutante: Rites and Regalia of American Debdom (review)

pp. 509-511 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0034
By Amy L. Best

The Mind of the Child: Child Development in Literature, Science, and Medicine, 1840-1900 (review)

pp. 512-514 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0036
By Catherine Cronquist Browning

The Dead End Kids of St. Louis: Homeless Boys and the People Who Tried to Save Them (review)

pp. 515-517 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0048
By Margaret Garb

Teaching Children Science: Hands-On Nature Study in North America, 1890-1930 (review)

pp. 518-520 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0046
By Rebecca Stiles Onion

The Company He Keeps: A History of White College Fraternities, and: The Lost Boys of Zeta Psi: A Historical Archaeology of Masculinity at a University Fraternity (review)

pp. 521-525 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0040
By Clifford Putney

Raising Your Kids Right: Children’s Literature and American Political Conservatism (review)

pp. 526-528 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0043
By Catherine E. Rymph

Contributors

pp. 529-530 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0037

Introduction

pp. 181-182 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0022
By Brian D. Bunk

Object Lesson

Finding Fanny

pp. 183-195 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0025
By Martha A. Sandweiss

Essays

“Made Women of When They are Mere Children”: Mary Wollstonecraft’s Critique of Eighteenth-Century Girlhood

pp. 197-222 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0028
By Corinne Field

Rewriting The Token of Love: Sentimentalists, Sophisticates, and the Transformation of American Girlhood, 1862–1940

pp. 223-256 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0031
By Daniel A. Cohen

Political Parenting in Colonial Lebanon

pp. 257-281 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0017
By Taylor Long

Too Young to Fight: Anarchist Youth Groups and the Spanish Second Republic

pp. 282-307 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0019
By Jordi Getman-Eraso

Contemporary Children

The Social Significance of Street Soccer in Greater Cairo: Game Structure and Social Functions

pp. 309-328 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0021
By Nashaat Hussein

Book Reviews

Images of Children in Byzantium (review)

pp. 330-333 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0024
By Richard Greenfield

Babies for the Nation: The Medicalization of Motherhood in Quebec, 1910–1970 (review)

pp. 334-336 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0027
By Tarah Brookfield

The Unwanted Child: The Fate of Foundlings, Orphans, and Juvenile Criminals in Early Modern Germany (review)

pp. 337-339 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0030
By Helmut Puff

Children As Treasures: Childhood and the Middle Class in Early Twentieth Century Japan (review)

pp. 340-342 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0032
By L. Halliday Piel

Reason’s Children: Childhood in Early Modern Philosophy (review)

pp. 343-345 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0018
By Ines Meier

Girls, Feminism, and Grassroots Literacies: Activism in the GirlZone (review)

pp. 346-348 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0020
By Caitlin L. Ryan

Victory Girls, Khaki-Wackies, and Patriotutes: The Regulation of Female Sexuality during World War II (review)

pp. 349-351 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0023
By Nancy K. Bristow

The Glass House Boys of Pittsburgh: Law, Technology, and Child Labor (review)

pp. 352-354 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0026
By Perry Blatz

Contributors

pp. 355-356 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0029

Introduction

pp. 1-2 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0008
By Karen Sánchez-Eppler

Object Lesson

“The Bridge Connecting Them to Ourselves”: Childhood, Photography and Memory in Contemporary China

pp. 3-10 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0011
By Laura Wexler

Essays

The Paradox of American Adolescence

pp. 11-25 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0014
By Michael Zuckerman

Abstract: A century ago, adolescence was understood as a stage of life marked by awakening sexual urgency and by rebellious alliance with fellow teens against adult authority. It was a time of storm and stress. Modern students of adolescence no longer find much evidence of that teen turmoil. On the empirical evidence, they pronounce the great majority of adolescent experi- ence continuous with childhood patterns and congruent with adult formations to come. But vernacular American perceptions have proven impervious to this new academic understand- ing. In the popular culture, adolescents still seem antagonistic to society. Adults still see teens as out of hand and beyond control. They still mistrust them and expect the worst of them. They still fear them and their peer culture. This essay examines that paradox: no matter what research reveals, belief in the generation gap and its attendant age-animosities still prevails in contemporary America. Generational antagonism makes sense to Americans, even if social scientists can’t find much of it. This essay proposes that persisting American obsession with adolescent transgression reflects persisting adult anxiety about standards in a society that has been uncertain of its standards for four centuries.

Between Cultured Young Men and Mischievous Children: Youth, Transgression, and Protest in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico

pp. 26-57 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0000
By Jaime Pensado

Abstract: This article traces the progression of “youth” in Mexico from 1867 to c. 1900. It argues that the historical “images” of youth that developed during this period are telling as to youth culture, but also reveal much concerning greater societal and national aspirations. As this burgeoning vision of youth took shape in the late nineteenth century, its preeminent expression was the preparatoriano, or the student of the National Preparatory School. This “positivist image” of youth, hitherto overlooked in the historiography, was particularly celebratory and bespoke the transformative nature of the modern state. This group of young students, however, was not homogenous. As the restored nation tried its find its course (through local notions of liberalism and positivism), different notions of youth were imagined, experienced, further defined, and contested. This relationship between official ideology and reality was evident in the subcultural behavior of young men and the reactions these contested images generated among the old or the parent culture. This essay traces the contested relationship between official representation and subculture in the rise of student activism, the appropriation of new and public spaces, the creation of innovative style, and the celebration of an illicit bohemian lifestyle, on the one hand, and in public reaction, on the other.

Sparing the White Child: The Lessons of Uncle Tom’s Cabin for Children in an Age of Segregation

pp. 58-85 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0003
By Barbara Hochman

Abstract: Children’s editions of a popular novel inevitably rewrite the source, reworking it for new ends. Such revisions reflect contemporary notions about the uses of children’s books and governing assumptions about what children are, want, or need. This essay explores the cultural significance of the Young Folks Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a neglected turn-of-the-century children’s edition of Stowe’s novel, adapted by Grace Duffie Boylan with illustrations by Ike Morgan. First published in 1901, the book was reissued by a variety of publishers until as late as 1956. The Young Folks Uncle Tom’s Cabin was radically different from the tale that adults wept over and children eagerly devoured when Stowe’s novel first appeared. Editorial changes designed to adapt Uncle Tom’s Cabin for “young folks” at the turn of the century imply a series of cultural transformations—altered racial politics, the consolidation of class divisions, increasingly rigid gender binaries, and mounting uncertainty about childhood in the wake of new theories and childrearing practices. Although the Young Folks Uncle Tom’s Cabin reinforces the idea of childhood (for some) as a playful, separate sphere, it reflects contemporary anxieties both about race-relations and about what little white boys and girls are made of.

Child Labor in the Gold Coast: The Economics of Work, Education, and the Family in Late-Colonial African Childhoods, c. 1940-57

pp. 88-115 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0005
By Jack Lord

Abstract: Historical knowledge of childhood in the Gold Coast (modern Ghana) is sparse and too often disconnected from a global historiography that has convincingly demonstrated the “child” to be a social construct. In contemporary discourse the “African child” is most commonly portrayed as either aspiring scholar or helpless victim—images that are echoed in the fleet- ing appearances of children in Africanist historiography. This essay, by contrast, explores the economic aspects of childhood in the colonial periphery and paints a more complex picture of the “African child.” Children in the twentieth-century Gold Coast were vital economic actors and agents: at once producers, consumers, and accumulators of wealth. They remained so despite the political and commercial upheavals of the colonial period. Exploring the economic use and the social purpose of child labor illuminates both the material experience of children and their place in the household and wider society—and it sheds light, too, on the question of why both illiteracy and child labor are stubbornly persistent in modern Ghana.

Gender, Age, and the Abandonment of Children in Eighteenth-Century Dijon, France

pp. 116-135 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0007
By Jessica Nelson

Abstract: This paper draws on the daily schedule and institutional records of two institutions for abandoned children in Dijon, France, to describe the lives of the boys of the Bonnets Rouges and the girls of Sainte-Anne from 1706 to 1754. These institutions served as a respite for families who found it difficult to provide for their children. I argue that families in need used the institution to better their children’s chances of survival since admission to an institution gave the children opportunities for education and training as well as shelter, food, and clothing. The situation in eighteenth-century Dijon provides an excellent case study of how the provincial and city governments provided poor relief. The study of these institutions can provide us not only with clues about social attitudes toward the poor during this time period and insights into the various social and economic pressures that caused some families to abandon their children but also enable us to assess the roles gender and age played in abandonment.

Contemporary Children

Children in the Aftermath of Immigration Enforcement

pp. 137-154 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0010
By Ajay Chaudry

Book Reviews

Introduction

pp. 155-157 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0004
By Susan Miller

If We Could Change the World: Young People and America’s Long Struggle for Racial Equality (review)

pp. 158-160 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0006
By Jon Pahl

Marching for Freedom: Walk Together, Children, and Don’t You Grow Weary (review)

pp. 161-163 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0009
By Rebecca de Schweinitz

Youth in the Fatherless Land: War Pedagogy, Nationalism, and Authority in Germany, 1914-1918 (review)

pp. 164-166 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0016
By Bryan Ganaway

Schooling Citizens: The Struggle for African American Education in Antebellum America (review)

pp. 167-169 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0013
By Ellen L. Berg

Mobilizing Youth: Communists and Catholics in Interwar France (review)

pp. 170-172 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0002
By Ben Mercer

Turning to Nature in Germany: Hiking, Nudism, and Conservation, 1900-1940 (review)

pp. 173-175 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0012
By Jason Tebbe

Connecting Kids to History with Museum Exhibitions (review)

pp. 176-178 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0015
By Megan Searing Young

Contributors

pp. 179-180 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2011.0001

Introduction

pp. 313-315 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0009
By Martha Saxton

Object Lesson

The Young Charlotte Brontë

pp. 317-339 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0012
By Katherine Dalsimer

Essays

Centuries of Childhood: An Anniversary—and an Epitaph?

pp. 341-365 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0000
By Colin Heywood

Disciplining Boys: Labor, Gender, Generation, and the Penal System in Barbados, 1880-1930

pp. 366-390 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0002
By Cecilia Green

Caring for Poor and Fatherless Children in London, c. 1350-1550

pp. 391-410 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0004
By Stephanie Tarbin

“Creating Free and Good People”: Idealization of the Countryside in the Berlin Orphan Administration, 1890-1914

pp. 411-426 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0006
By Brian J. Els

Book Reviews

Children in Slavery through the Ages (review)

pp. 427-431 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0008
By Colleen A. Vasconcellos

Children Bound to Labor: The Pauper Apprentice System in Early America (review)

pp. 432-434 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0011
By Darcy R. Fryer

Nefarious Crimes, Contested Justice: Illicit Sex and Infanticide in the Republic of Venice, 1557-1789 (review)

pp. 435-437 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0014
By Jutta Sperling

Recuerdos: Basque Children Refugees in Great Britain. Niños wascos refugiados en Gren Bretana (review)

pp. 438-440 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0001
By Dominique Marshall

Russia’s Factory Children: State, Society, and Law, 1800-1917 (review)

pp. 441-443 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0003
By Laurie Bernstein

Raising Freedom’s Child: Black Children and Visions of the Future after Slavery (review)

pp. 444-445 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0005
By Psyche Williams-Forson

The Queer Child, or Growing Sideways in the Twentieth Century (review)

pp. 446-448 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0007
By Cynthia Degnan

Scouting for Girls: A Century of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (review)

pp. 449-451 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0010
By Kristine Alexander

Contributors

pp. 452-453 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.2010.0013

Introduction

pp. 143-144 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0102
By Brian D. Bunk

Object Lesson

The Progressive Era Appropriation of Children’s Play

pp. 147-151 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0099
By Allen Guttmann

Essays

Childhood and Memory

pp. 155-164 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0096
By Paula S. Fass

Defining Happy Childhoods: Assessing a Recent Change

pp. 165-186 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0093
By Peter N. Stearns

Playing White Men: American Football and Manhood at the Carlisle Indian School, 1893–1904

pp. 187-209 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0092
By Matthew Bentley

Character Dolls: Consumer Culture and Debates over Femininity in Late Imperial Germany (1900–1918)

pp. 210-232 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0095
By Bryan Ganaway

Photographs of the Child in Canadian Pictorial from 1906 to 1916: A Reflection of the Ideas and Values of English Canadians about Themselves and “Other” Canadians

pp. 233-263 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0098
By Loren Lerner

Contemporary Children

Between Restavek and Relocation: Children and Communities in Transnational Adoption

pp. 267-292 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0101
By Alice Hearst

Book Reviews

The Children of Chinatown: Growing up Chinese American in San Francisco, 1850–1920 (review)

pp. 295-297 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0103
By M. Colette Plum

Normal at Any Cost: Tall Girls, Short Boys, and the Medical Industry’s Quest to Manipulate Height (review)

pp. 298-300 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0090
By Heather Munro Prescott

Babysitter: An American History (review)

pp. 301-303 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0091
By Ilana Nash

The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance During World War II (review)

pp. 304-306 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0094
By Eric C. Schneider

Abandoned: Foundlings in Nineteenth-Century New York City (review)

pp. 307-309 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0097
By Julie Vandivere

Contributors

pp. 310-311 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0100

Introduction

pp. 1-3 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0079
By Laura L. Lovett

Object Lesson

On an Object Lesson, or Don’t Eat the Evidence

pp. 7-12 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0081
By Sarah Anne Carter

Abstract: Object lessons are a flexible mode of pedagogy that was popular in the second half of the nineteenth century in schoolrooms throughout the United Kingdom and the United States. This category of lesson relied on material things—“objects”—and images to convey information to children about the senses and sense perception as well as about geography, natural history, industry, commodities, and religion. In an ideal object lesson, teachers were to move from the specific to the abstract, starting with the study of a material thing and circling outward to encompass its possible meanings. This short “Object Lesson” emulates this nineteenth-century pedagogy in its focus on a particular material example of this historic classroom practice.

Essays

Broadcasting Benevolence: Images of the Child in American, Soviet and NLF Propaganda in Vietnam, 1964–1973

pp. 15-38 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0083
By Margaret Peacock

Abstract: From 1964 to 1973, Soviet, American, and Vietcong propagandists generated incredible numbers of pamphlets, television shows, films, and radio programs that focused on the image of the child. How these depictions of children were created and what functions they performed as symbols of national strength and mobilization are the subjects of this article. Images of youth provide a category of analysis for understanding how these propaganda programs succeeded and sometimes failed in their attempts to win the allegiances of the Vietnamese people. Based on previously unexplored transnational sources, this article examines the contested meanings of the child’s image as a way to understand the conceptual boundaries that were established and transgressed by the Soviet, American, and Vietcong propaganda programs. By comparing and contrasting these programs with each other, this article shows how images of youth served as cultural currency in each side’s efforts to determine what was at stake in the war and what needed to be done to win it. Youth, which played such a central role in articulating and humanizing Soviet, American, and Vietcong policies, took on different meanings when contextualized by the moral and political ambiguities of the Vietnam War.

Little Lord Fauntleroy and the Evolution of American Boyhood

pp. 39-64 | DOI: 10.1353/hcy.0.0085
By Katherine L. Carlson

Abstract: This paper evaluates late nineteenth and early twentieth-century definitions of idealized childhood through an analysis of the rapid rise and fall of Frances Hodgson Burnett’s Little Lord Fauntleroy. The 1886 novel of a British-born and American-bred author, Little Lord Fauntleroy tells the story of an American-raised child whose British grandfather suddenly calls him to England to become an earl. Fauntleroy’s initial popularity, the paper argues, can be credited to his embodiment of concepts of innocent childhood found in lingering constructions of the Romantic child still flourishing on both sides of the Atlantic. The essay explores how in the early twentieth-century United States, such ideals came to be considered threats to nationalism because they smacked of an allegedly degenerate effeminacy caused by over- civilization. Though the infamously frilly Fauntleroy suit is actually only briefly described in the novel, it was widely marketed to e