Quality of Service: Delivering QoS on the Internet and in Corporate Networks

Paul Ferguson & Geoff Huston

This page is intended to provide updated information related to QoS, including updates on bibliography information in the book, new white papers, emerging technologies, and other QoS-related tidbits. Additional items and updates will be posted here as they become available.

Bibliography updates:

• [ID1996h] IETF Internet Draft, "RSRR: A Routing Interface For RSVP," draft-ietf-rsvp-routing-01.txt, D. Zappala, November 1996 has been updated. The updated draft is "RSRR A Routing Interface For RSVP," draft-ietf-rsvp-routing-02.txt, D. Zappala, J. Kann, July 1998.
• [ID1997j] IETF Internet Draft, "Providing Integrated Services over Low-Bitrate Links," draft-ietf-issll-isslow-02.txt, C. Bormann, May 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "Providing integrated services over low-bitrate links," draft-ietf-issll-isslow-04.txt, C. Bormann, August 1998.
• [ID1997i] IETF Internet Draft, "RSVP Extensions for Policy Control," draft-ietf-rsvp-policy-ext-02.txt, S. Herzog, April 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "RSVP Extensions for Policy Control," draft-ietf-rap-rsvp-ext-00.txt, S. Herzog, March 1998.
• [ID1997u] IETF Internet Draft, "QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions," draft-guerin-qos-routing-ospf-01.txt, R. Guerin, S. Kamat, A. Orda, T. Przygienda, D. Williams, March 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions," draft-guerin-qos-routing-ospf-03.txt, R. Guerin, D. Williams, T. Przygienda, S. Kamat, A. Orda, March 1998.
• [IRTFa] Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) Draft, "Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet," draft-irtf-e2e-queue-mgt-00.txt, R. Braden, D. Clark, J. Crowcroft, B. Davie, D. Estrin, S. Floyd, V. Jacobson, G. Minshall, C. Partridge, L. Peterson, K. Ramakrishnan, S. Shenkar, J. Wroclawski, L. Zhang, March 1997 has been updated. The draft has been advanced as IETF Informational RFC2309, "Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet," R. Braden, D. Clark, J. Crowcroft, B. Davie, S. Deering, D. Estrin, S. Floyd, V. Jacobson, G. Minshall, C. Partridge, L. Peterson, K. Ramakrishnan, S. Shenkar, J. Wroclawski, L. Zhang, April 1998.
• [ID1997m] IETF Internet Draft, "A Framework for Integrated Services and RSVP over ATM," draft-ietf-issll-atm-framework-00.txt, E. Crawley, L. Berger, S. Berson, F. Baker, M. Borden, J. Krawczyk, July 1997 has been updated and published as RFC2382, "A Framework for Integrated Services and RSVP over ATM," F. Baker, M. Borden, J. Krawczyk, L. Berger, S. Berson, E. Crawley, August 1998.
• [ID1997a1] IETF Internet Draft, "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol L2TP," draft-ietf-pppext-l2tp-04.txt, K. Hamzeh, T. Kolar, M. Littlewood, G. Singh Pall, J. Taarud, A. Valencia, W. Verthein, June 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol L2TP," draft-ietf-pppext-l2tp-11.txt, A. Rubens, W. Palter, T. Kolar, G. Pall, M. Littlewood, A. Valencia, K. Hamzeh, W. Verthein, J. Taarud, W. Townsley, May 1998.
• [ID1996f] IETF Internet Draft, "QoS Extensions to OSPF," draft-zhang-qos-ospf-00.txt, Z. Zhang, C. Sanchez, B. Salkewicz, E. Crawley, June 1996 has been updated. The updated draft is "Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF or Quality Of Service Path First Routing (QOSPF)," draft-zhang-qos-ospf-01.txt, Z. Zhang, C. Sanchez, B. Salkewicz, E. Crawley, September 1997.
• [ID1997n] IETF Internet Draft, "Issues for Integrated Services and RSVP over ATM," draft-ietf-issll-isatm-issues-00.txt, E. Crawley, L. Berger, S. Berson, F. Baker, M. Borden, J. Krawczyk, July 1997 has been replaced by and published as RFC2379, "RSVP over ATM Implementation Guidelines," L. Berger, August 1998. Also see RFC2380, "RSVP over ATM Implementation Requirements," L. Berger, August 1998.
• [ID1997a3] IETF Internet Draft, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," draft-ietf-ipngwg-ipv6-spec-v2-00.txt, S. Deering, R. Hinden, July 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," draft-ietf-ipngwg-ipv6-spec-v2-01.txt, S. Deering, R. Hinden, November 1997.
• [ID1997k] IETF Internet Draft, "Network Element Service Specification for Low Speed Networks," draft-ietf-issll-isslow-svcmap-00.txt, S. Jackowski, May 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "Network Element Service Specification for Low Speed Networks," draft-ietf-issll-isslow-svcmap-02.txt, S. Jackowski, D. Putzolu, July 1998.
• [ID1997s] IETF Internet Draft, "Integrated Service Mappings on IEEE 802 Networks," draft-ietf-issll-is802-svc-mapping-00.txt, M. Seaman, A. Smith, E. Crawley, July 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "Integrated Service Mappings on IEEE 802 Networks," draft-ietf-issll-is802-svc-mapping-02.txt, M. Seaman, A. Smith, E. Crawley, August 1998.
• [ID1997t] IETF Internet Draft, "A Framework for QoS-based Routing in the Internet," draft-ietf-qosr-framework-01.txt, E. Crawley, R. Nair, B. Rajagopalan, H. Sandick, July 1997 has been updated and published as RFC2386, "A Framework for QoS-based Routing in the Internet," R. Nair, B. Rajagopalan, H. Sandick, E. Crawley, August 1998.
• [ID1997q] IETF Internet Draft, "A Framework for Providing Integrated Services Over Shared Media and Switched LAN Technologies," draft-ietf-issll-is802-framework-02.txt, A. Ghanwani, J.W. Pace, V. Srinivasan, May 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "A Framework for Providing Integrated Services Over Shared and Switched IEEE 802 LAN Technologies," draft-ietf-issll-is802-framework-05.txt, M. Seaman, A. Smith, V. Srinivasan, W. Pace, A. Ghanwani, May 1998.
• [ID1997r] IETF Internet Draft, "SBM (Subnet Bandwidth Manager): A Proposal for Admission Control over IEEE 802-style networks," draft-ietf-issll-is802-sbm-04.txt, R. Yavatkar, D. Hoffman, Y. Bernet, F. Baker, July 1997 has been updated. The updated draft is "SBM (Subnet Bandwidth Manager): A Proposal for Admission Control over IEEE 802-style networks," draft-ietf-issll-is802-bm-06.txt, R. Yavatkar, F. Baker, D. Hoffman, Y. Bernet, March 1998.
• [ID1997o] IETF Internet Draft, "Interoperation of Controlled-Load and Guaranteed Services with ATM," draft-ietf-issll-atm-mapping-02.txt, M. Garrett, M. Borden, March 1997 has been updated and published as RFC2381, "Interoperation of Controlled-Load and Guaranteed-Service with ATM," M. Borden, M. Garrett, August 1998.

Other QoS-related links

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) QoS efforts:

• Integrated Services (intserv)
• Integrated Services over Specific Link Layers (issll)
• Differentiated Services (diffserv)
• Resource Reservation Setup Protocol (rsvp)
• QoS Routing (qosr)
• RSVP Admission Policy (rap)

Other QoS-related IETF Internet Drafts (I-D's):

• "Aggregation of Internet Integrated Services State," draft-berson-rsvp-aggregation-00.txt,.ps, S. Berson, S. Vincent, August 1998.
• "COPS Usage for Differentiated Services," COPS Usage for Differentiated Services, R. Yavatkar, K. McCloghrie, S. Herzog, F. Reichmeyer, D. Durham, K. Chan, S. Gai, August 1998.
• "An Expedited Forwarding PHB," draft-ietf-diffserv-phb-ef-00.txt, V. Jacobson, K. Nichols, K. Poduri, August 1998. A .pdf version of this document is available at ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/ef_phb.pdf
• "Terminology for describing network policy and services," draft-strassner-policy-terms-00.txt, E. Ellesson, J. Strassner, August 1998.
• "Management of PHBs," draft-ietf-diffserv-phb-mgmt-00.txt, M. Borden, C. White, August 1998.
• "Assured Forwarding PHB Group," draft-heinanen-diffserv-af-00.txt, J. Heinanen, August 1998.
• "End-to-end QoS provisioning mechanism for Differentiated Services," draft-borgonovo-qos-ds-00.txt, L. Fratta, F. Borgonovo, A. Capone, M. Marchese, C. Petrioli, July 1998.
• "Requirements of Diff-serv Boundary Routers," draft-bernet-diffedge-00.txt, Y. Bernet, July 1998.
• "A Framework for Use of RSVP with Diff-serv Networks," draft-ietf-diffserv-rsvp-00.txt, L. Zhang, R. Yavatkar, F. Baker, P. Ford, K. Nichols, M. Speer, Y. Bernet, June 1998.
• "Class-Based Service Differentiation," draft-dovrolis-cbsd-00.txt, C. Dvorolis, June 1998.
• "Drop Preference Services," draft-feng-dp-services-00.txt, W. Feng, June 1998.
• "A Framework for Differentiated Services," draft-ietf-diffserv-framework-00.txt, D. Verma, M. Carlson, B. Ohlman, S. Blake, Y. Bernet, J. Binder, Z. Wang, W. Weiss, E. Davies, June 1998.
• "DIAMETER QoS Extension," draft-calhoun-diameter-qos-00.txt, M. Speer, K. Peirce, P. Calhoun, May 1998.
• "An Architecture for Differentiated Services," draft-ietf-diffserv-arch-01.txt, M. Carlson, W. Weiss, S. Blake, Z. Wang, D. Black, E. Davies, August 1998.
• "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Byte) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers," draft-ietf-diffserv-header-02.txt, F. Baker, K. Nichols, S. Blake, D. Black, August 1998.
• "Designing QoSMIC: A Quality of Service sensitive Multicast Internet protoCol," draft-banerjea-qosmic-00.txt, A. Banerjea, M. Faloutsos, R. Pankaj, May 1998.
• "IP Precedence in Differentiated Services Using the Assured Service," draft-ietf-diffserv-precedence-00.txt, F. Baker, S. Brim, T. Li, F. Kastenholz, S. Jagannath, J. Renwick, April 1998.
• "A Framework for End-to-End QoS Combining RSVP/Intserv and Differentiated Services," draft-bernet-intdiff-00.txt, L. Zhang, R. Yavatkar, F. Baker, P. Ford, Y. Bernet, March 1998.
• "The Multi-Class Extension to Multi-Link PPP," draft-ietf-issll-isslow-mcml-04.txt, C. Bormann, August 1998.
• "Providing Differentiated Services through Cooperative Dropping and Delay Indication," draft-weiss-cooperative-drop-00.txt, W. Weiss, March 1998.
• "User Identity Representation for RSVP," draft-ietf-rap-user-identity-00.txt, P. Ford, S. Herzog, R. Pabbati, S. Yadav, March 1998.
• "Integrated Services Over Differentiated Services," draft-ford-issll-diff-svc-00.txt, P. Ford, Y. Bernet, March 1998.
• "A One-bit Feedback Enhanced Differentiated Services Architecture," draft-shivkuma-ecn-diffserv-01.txt, S. Kalyanaraman, S. Arora, K. Wanglee, G. Guarriello, D. Harrison, April 1998.
• "Differentiated Services over Symmetric NHRP Shortcuts," draft-turner-diff-nhrp-00.txt, B. Staegemeir, S. Turner, March 1998.
• "Schema for Service Level Administration of Differentiated Services and Integrated Services in Networks," draft-ellesson-sla-schema-00.txt, E. Ellesson, S. Kamat, R. Rajan, D. Verma, February 1998.
• "Differentiated Services Operational Model and Definitions," draft-nichols-dsopdef-00.txt, K. Nichols, S. Blake, February 1998.
• "Architecture of the Resource Reservation Service for the Commercial Internet," draft-rfced-info-suzuki-00.txt, M. Suzuki, February 1998.
• "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol 'L2TP' IP Differential Services Extension," draft-ietf-pppext-l2tp-ds-02.txt, K. Peirce, P. Calhoun, July 1998.
• "The COPS (Common Open Policy Service) Protocol," draft-ietf-rap-cops-02.txt, S. Herzog, A. Sastry, R. Rajan, R. Cohen, J. Boyle, D. Durham, August 1998.
• "Provider Architecture for Differentiated Services and Traffic Engineering (PASTE)," draft-li-paste-00.txt, T. Li, Y. Rekhter, January 1998.
• "Some Issues and Applications of Packet Marking for Differentiated Services," draft-blake-diffserv-marking-00.txt, S. Blake, December 1997.
• "Use of the IPv4 TOS Octet to Support Differential Services," draft-heinanen-diff-tos-octet-01.txt, J. Heinanen, November 1997.
• "Simple Differential Services: IP TOS and Precedence, Delay Indication, and Drop Preference," draft-ferguson-delay-drop-02.txt, P. Ferguson, March 1998.
• "Internet Protocol Quality of Service Problem Statement," draft-bradner-qos-problem-00.txt, S. Bradner, Sptember 1997.
• "A Proposal for the Format and Semantics of the TOS Byte and Traffic Class Byte in IPv4 and IPv6 Headers," draft-ellesson-tos-00.txt, Ed Ellesson, Steven Blake, November 1997.
• "User-Share Differentiation (USD) Scalable bandwidth allocation for differentiated services," draft-wang-diff-serv-usd-00.txt, Z. Wang, November 1997.
• "A Two-bit Differentiated Services Architecture for the Internet," draft-nichols-diff-svc-arch-00.txt, Kathleen Nichols, Van Jacobson, Lixia Zhang, November 1997. The complete version of this document, including its figures, is at ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/dsarch.pdf (Adobe Acrobat format).
• "Heuristics for utilizing ISSL Mechanisms for A/V Streams Over Low Bandwidth Links in the absence of Announcement Protocols," draft-putzolu-heuristic-00.txt, D. Putzolu, December 1997.
• "Aggregation of Internet Integrated Services State," draft-berson-classy-approach-01.txt, S. Berson, S. Vincent, December 1997.
• "Aggregating RSVP-based QoS Requests," draft-guerin-aggreg-rsvp-00.txt, R. Guerin, S. Blake, S. Herzog, December 1997.
• "Staged Refresh Timers for RSVP," draft-pan-rsvp-timer-00.txt, R. Guerin, H. Schulzrinne, P. Pan, December 1997.
• "RSVP Diagnostic Messages," draft-ietf-rsvp-diagnostic-msgs-03.txt, L. Zhang, A. Terzis, December 1997.

Congestion avoidance and congestion management:

• "Modeling TCP Throughput: A Simple Model and its Empirical Validation," Jitendra Padhye, Victor Firoiu, Don Towsley and Jim Kurose. Submitted to ACM SIGCOMM 98, February 1998. Abstract, PostScript, Adobe Acrobat.
• "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," V. N. Padmanabhan, H. Balakrishnan, R. H. Katz, 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), September 1997.
• RFC2001, "TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms," W. Stevens, January 1997.
• RFC2018, "TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options," M. Mathis, J. Mahdavi, S. Floyd, A. Romanow, October 1996.
• References on RED (Random Early Detection) Gateways. Sally Floyd's (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) RED page.
• Dynamics of Random Early Detection, Dong Lin and Robert Morris (Harvard University), a proposal & overview of Fair Random Early Drop (FRED). Presented at ACM SIGCOMM 1997.
• "Forward Acknowledgement: Refining TCP Congestion Control," M. Mathis, J. Mahdavi, Proceedings of SIGCOMM'96, August 1996, Stanford, CA.
• Network Congestion Control, Greg Sternberg and Jon Boone (University of Pennsylvania), April 1997.
• Papers related to congestion avaoidance & congestion management by the PSC (Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center) Networking Group.
• Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN): A proposal, and accompanying information, from Sally Floyd. Also, "A proposal for Backward ECN for the Internet Protocol (IPv4/IPv6)," draft-salim-jhsbnns-ecn-00.txt, B. Nandy, N. Seddigh, J. Salim, June 1998.

Queuing and scheduling:

• References on CBQ (Class-Based Queueing). Sally Floyd's (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) CBQ page.
• Traffic Scheduling in Packet Switched Networks. Several interesting papers on projects conducted by UCSC CE/CS High-Speed Networks Lab.
• A Hierarchical Fair Service Curve Algorithm For Link-Sharing, Real-Time and Priority Services, Ion Stoica and Hui Zhang (CMU). Presented at ACM SIGCOMM 1997.

Packet Marking Gateways:

• Simulation Results for Adaptive Packet Marking: "Adaptive Packet Marking for Providing Differentiated Services in the Internet," W. Feng, D. Kandlur, D. Saha, K. Shin, October 1997, and "An Adaptive Approach for Providing Differentiated Services in the Internet," W. Feng, D. Kandlur, D. Saha, K. Shin, January 1998.

Economics and the Internet:

• Dynamic Capacity Contracting: A Framework for Pricing the Differentiated Services Internet, S. Kalyanaraman, T. Ravichandran, R. Norsworthy, May 1998. Submitted to First International Conference on Information and Computation Economics, May 1998.
• The Economics of the Internet, Information Goods, Intellectual Property and Related Issues. A collection of papers authored by Hal Varian (University of California at Berkeley).
• PIARA: Pricing for Internet Addresses and Route Advertisements. "Financial Incentives for Route Aggregation and Efficient Address Utilization in the Internet," Paul Resnick, Yakov Rekhter, Steve Bellovin. Proceedings of the 1996 Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Solomons, MD.

QoS-related events & conferences:

• 42nd IETF, Chicago, IL, August 23-28, 1998.

QoS & the trade press:

• Internet 2000: Highway to the horizon, 23 Oct. 97 apcmag.com article on QoS, among other things.
• IETF sees a future for a reliable Internet, November 1997, LAN Times Online.
• Internet Telephony: Calling All Packets, 29 Dec. 97, Wired News.
• QoS Key To Internet's Future, 31 Dec. 97, InternetWeek.
• VPN's Poised For Takeoff, 3 Jan. 98, InternetWeek.
• ISP's face high churn rates, 5 Feb. 98, CNET News.com.

Potpourri:

• Andrew Campbell: QoS paper collection. Several papers on QoS by Campbell.
• "Quality of Service in the Internet: Fact, Fiction, or Compromise?" Paper submitted for presentation at INET'98, July 21-24, Geneva, Switzerland. Authors: Paul Ferguson & Geoff Huston. Windows'95 ZIP Word, postscript, or HTML format.

Additional items will be added to this page as they become available.

Questions, comments, concerns, or kudos can be directed to either Paul Ferguson or Geoff Huston.

Thanks for the interest!

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