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Provides a MATLAB-like plotting framework.
pylab combines pyplot with numpy into a single namespace. This is convenient for interactive work, but for programming it is recommended that the namespaces be kept separate, e.g.:
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x = np.arange(0, 5, 0.1); y = np.sin(x) plt.plot(x, y)
Plot the autocorrelation of x.
Call signature:
acorr(x, normed=True, detrend=mlab.detrend_none, usevlines=True, maxlags=10, **kwargs)
If normed = True, normalize the data by the autocorrelation at 0-th lag. x is detrended by the detrend callable (default no normalization).
Data are plotted as plot(lags, c, **kwargs)
Return value is a tuple (lags, c, line) where:
- lags are a length 2*maxlags+1 lag vector
- c is the 2*maxlags+1 auto correlation vector
- line is a Line2D instance returned by plot()
The default linestyle is None and the default marker is 'o', though these can be overridden with keyword args. The cross correlation is performed with numpy.correlate() with mode = 2.
If usevlines is True, vlines() rather than plot() is used to draw vertical lines from the origin to the acorr. Otherwise, the plot style is determined by the kwargs, which are Line2D properties.
maxlags is a positive integer detailing the number of lags to show. The default value of None will return all (2*len(x)-1) lags.
The return value is a tuple (lags, c, linecol, b) where
- linecol is the LineCollection
- b is the x-axis.
See also
plot() or vlines() For documentation on valid kwargs.
Example:
xcorr() is top graph, and acorr() is bottom graph.
(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)
Additional kwargs: hold = [True|False] overrides default hold state
Create an annotation: a piece of text referring to a data point.
Call signature:
annotate(s, xy, xytext=None, xycoords='data', textcoords='data', arrowprops=None, **kwargs)
Keyword arguments:
Annotate the x, y point xy with text s at x, y location xytext. (If xytext = None, defaults to xy, and if textcoords = None, defaults to xycoords).
arrowprops, if not None, is a dictionary of line properties (see matplotlib.lines.Line2D) for the arrow that connects annotation to the point.
If the dictionary has a key arrowstyle, a FancyArrowPatch instance is created with the given dictionary and is drawn. Otherwise, a YAArow patch instance is created and drawn. Valid keys for YAArow are
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
| width | the width of the arrow in points |
| frac | the fraction of the arrow length occupied by the head |
| headwidth | the width of the base of the arrow head in points |
| shrink | oftentimes it is convenient to have the arrowtip and base a bit away from the text and point being annotated. If d is the distance between the text and annotated point, shrink will shorten the arrow so the tip and base are shink percent of the distance d away from the endpoints. ie, shrink=0.05 is 5% |
| ? | any key for matplotlib.patches.polygon |
Valid keys for FancyArrowPatch are
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
| arrowstyle | the arrow style |
| connectionstyle | the connection style |
| relpos | default is (0.5, 0.5) |
| patchA | default is bounding box of the text |
| patchB | default is None |
| shrinkA | default is 2 points |
| shrinkB | default is 2 points |
| mutation_scale | default is text size (in points) |
| mutation_aspect | default is 1. |
| ? | any key for matplotlib.patches.PathPatch |
xycoords and textcoords are strings that indicate the coordinates of xy and xytext.
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| ‘figure points’ | points from the lower left corner of the figure |
| ‘figure pixels’ | pixels from the lower left corner of the figure |
| ‘figure fraction’ | 0,0 is lower left of figure and 1,1 is upper, right |
| ‘axes points’ | points from lower left corner of axes |
| ‘axes pixels’ | pixels from lower left corner of axes |
| ‘axes fraction’ | 0,1 is lower left of axes and 1,1 is upper right |
| ‘data’ | use the coordinate system of the object being annotated (default) |
| ‘offset points’ | Specify an offset (in points) from the xy value |
| ‘polar’ | you can specify theta, r for the annotation, even in cartesian plots. Note that if you are using a polar axes, you do not need to specify polar for the coordinate system since that is the native “data” coordinate system. |
If a ‘points’ or ‘pixels’ option is specified, values will be added to the bottom-left and if negative, values will be subtracted from the top-right. Eg:
# 10 points to the right of the left border of the axes and # 5 points below the top border xy=(10,-5), xycoords='axes points'
You may use an instance of Transform or Artist. See Annotating Axes for more details.
The annotation_clip attribute contols the visibility of the annotation when it goes outside the axes area. If True, the annotation will only be drawn when the xy is inside the axes. If False, the annotation will always be drawn regardless of its position. The default is None, which behave as True only if xycoords is”data”.
Additional kwargs are Text properties:
Property Description agg_filter unknown alpha float (0.0 transparent through 1.0 opaque) animated [True | False] axes an Axes instance backgroundcolor any matplotlib color bbox rectangle prop dict clip_box a matplotlib.transforms.Bbox instance clip_on [True | False] clip_path [ (Path, Transform) | Patch | None ] color any matplotlib color contains a callable function family or fontfamily or fontname or name [ FONTNAME | ‘serif’ | ‘sans-serif’ | ‘cursive’ | ‘fantasy’ | ‘monospace’ ] figure a matplotlib.figure.Figure instance fontproperties or font_properties a matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties instance gid an id string horizontalalignment or ha [ ‘center’ | ‘right’ | ‘left’ ] label string or anything printable with ‘%s’ conversion. linespacing float (multiple of font size) lod [True | False] multialignment [‘left’ | ‘right’ | ‘center’ ] path_effects unknown picker [None|float|boolean|callable] position (x,y) rasterized [True | False | None] rotation [ angle in degrees | ‘vertical’ | ‘horizontal’ ] rotation_mode unknown size or fontsize [ size in points | ‘xx-small’ | ‘x-small’ | ‘small’ | ‘medium’ | ‘large’ | ‘x-large’ | ‘xx-large’ ] snap unknown stretch or fontstretch [ a numeric value in range 0-1000 | ‘ultra-condensed’ | ‘extra-condensed’ | ‘condensed’ | ‘semi-condensed’ | ‘normal’ | ‘semi-expanded’ | ‘expanded’ | ‘extra-expanded’ | ‘ultra-expanded’ ] style or fontstyle [ ‘normal’ | ‘italic’ | ‘oblique’] text string or anything printable with ‘%s’ conversion. transform Transform instance url a url string variant or fontvariant [ ‘normal’ | ‘small-caps’ ] verticalalignment or va or ma [ ‘center’ | ‘top’ | ‘bottom’ | ‘baseline’ ] visible [True | False] weight or fontweight [ a numeric value in range 0-1000 | ‘ultralight’ | ‘light’ | ‘normal’ | ‘regular’ | ‘book’ | ‘medium’ | ‘roman’ | ‘semibold’ | ‘demibold’ | ‘demi’ | ‘bold’ | ‘heavy’ | ‘extra bold’ | ‘black’ ] x float y float zorder any number
(Source code)
(png, hires.png, pdf)
(png, hires.png, pdf)
Add an arrow to the axes.
Call signature:
arrow(x, y, dx, dy, **kwargs)
Draws arrow on specified axis from (x, y) to (x + dx, y + dy). Uses FancyArrow patch to construct the arrow.
Optional kwargs control the arrow construction and properties:
Other valid kwargs (inherited from Patch) are:
Property Description agg_filter unknown alpha float or None animated [True | False] antialiased or aa [True | False] or None for default axes an Axes instance clip_box a matplotlib.transforms.Bbox instance clip_on [True | False] clip_path [ (Path, Transform) | Patch | None ] color matplotlib color spec contains a callable function edgecolor or ec mpl color spec, or None for default, or ‘none’ for no color facecolor or fc mpl color spec, or None for default, or ‘none’ for no color figure a matplotlib.figure.Figure instance fill [True | False] gid an id string hatch [ ‘/’ | ‘\’ | ‘|’ | ‘-‘ | ‘+’ | ‘x’ | ‘o’ | ‘O’ | ‘.’ | ‘*’ ] label string or anything printable with ‘%s’ conversion. linestyle or ls [‘solid’ | ‘dashed’ | ‘dashdot’ | ‘dotted’] linewidth or lw float or None for default lod [True | False] path_effects unknown picker [None|float|boolean|callable] rasterized [True | False | None] snap unknown transform Transform instance url a url string visible [True | False] zorder any number
Example:
(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)
Additional kwargs: hold = [True|False] overrides default hold state
Autoscale the axis view to the data (toggle).
C