Candela Technologies provides test equipment to companies around the world to aid in the testing of network equipment and applications. DSLAM, DSL Modem, Cable Router and Cable Modem and various other networking equipment manufacturers and testers are our target market for the LANforge FIRE product line. Our LANforge ICE WAN emulator product is excellent for anyone writing or deploying applications that are designed to work across wide area networks, including VOIP, web applications, online-gaming, and database replication.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

Candela Technologies Inc is a small company with low overhead. We have been in business since November of 2000, and have been profitable since 2002. We have an ever growing list of happy customers, and have been able to expand our products and sales steadily.

Should unfortunate circumstances force our closure, the LANforge software suite will be released under the GNU Public License (GPL). This ensures that you will be able to arrange to have any support and/or features added that you require.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

To resolve problems quickly, perform the following procedure for Linux based systems:

• SSH or telnet into the lanforge system as the root user. The default password for root is “lanforge”.

• Run the debug information collection script:

cd /home/lanforge
./lfdebug.bash

• Send the /home/lanforge/lfdebug.tar.gz file to the Candela Support Team at support@candelatech.com with a description of the problem you are experiencing.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

Students and certain non-profit organizations may qualify for a free LANforge software license. For students, the LANforge software must be used on personal machines. If LANforge is to be used on a school's machines, or mandated as part of the in-class curriculum, licenses will need to be purchased. Charitable non-profit organizations may also qualify for free licenses.

If you believe you might qualify, and would like free LANforge software licenses, please send email to support@candelatech.com explaining your status and/or organization and describing how you wish to use LANforge.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

Our LANforge-GUI, LANforge-ICECap and some other tools are already released as source code under the GPL.

Candela Technologies Inc is willing to license you the source code to the proprietary parts of LANforge under certain circumstances. Contact us if you wish to learn more.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

The nc200* image that is used with the LANforge appliance can also boot from a USB storage device on many machines. Assuming your hardware is supported, this is a good way to try out LANforge without having to install Linux from scratch. Unless your machine has exactly 4 ethernet interfaces, you will must reconfigure LANforge to be aware of your network cards once the system has booted. All changes will be saved through reboots (using the USB disk as storage.)

Please note, if you use the wrong of= argument for dd, you can easily completely corrupt your system, requiring a complete re-install. If you have questions, or are un-sure of something, please contact support@candelatech.com before continuing!

• Download the nc200*.img.bz2 image from the Candela Technologies Downloads page.
• Insert 2GB USB storage device (or larger) into your system. (Some 1GB disks will work, but many are too small.)
• Download the latest 'dd.exe' tool from this web page: www.chrysocome.net/dd
• Save the dd.exe file to some directory and rename the dd.exe to dd-removable.exe
• Open a Command prompt. Change directory so that you are in the same directory as the dd-removable.exe command (or, set up your %PATH% correctly.)
• Get and install the bzip2 tools from this site: www.bzip.org/downloads.html
• Un-zip the compressed image:

bunzip2 nc200*.img.bz2

• Figure out the device name. To list devices use:

dd-removable --list

• Find the output device (also know as the output file) that corresponds to the size of your USB disk. For example, dd-removable –list will output:

\\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0
  link to \\?\Device\Harddisk2\DR12
  Removable media other than floppy. Block size = 512
  size is 512483328 bytes

In this case the output device (of=) is: \\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0

Please note the size (512 MB in this case). If the size does not match your USB disk, you are probably looking at the wrong device! In the example above, \\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0 is actually a Compact Flash disk. That is, if you have Compact Flash cards and/or USB disks discovered be careful about which you overwrite. You may have existing partitions on the media, but that does not matter. All data on the USB disk will be destroyed when you run the dd command below.

• After choosing the device, run the dd command to copy the new image onto the USB disk:

dd-removable --progress if=nc200.4.4.9.img of=\\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0 bs=4k

• The USB disk is now updated.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

Please note, if you use the wrong of= argument for dd, you can easily completely corrupt your system, requiring a complete re-install. If you have questions, or are un-sure of something, please contact support@candelatech.com before continuing!

• Download the nc200*.img.bz2 image from the Candela Technologies Downloads page.
• Insert 2GB USB storage device (or larger) into your system. (Some 1GB disks will work, but many are too small.)
• Un-zip the compressed image:

bunzip2 nc200*.img.bz2

• Figure out the USB device name. This can often be determined by looking at the results of:

dmesg | tail -40

You are looking for something similar to this:

SCSI device sda: 1000944 512-byte hdwr sectors (512 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
sda: Mode Sense: 43 00 00 08
sda: assuming drive cache: write through
  sda: sda1

Please note the (512 MB). If the size does not match your USB disk, you are probably looking at the wrong device! In the example above, /dev/sda is the USB disk, and /dev/sda1 is the first partition. You may have more or no partitions, but that does not matter. All data on the USB disk will be destroyed when you run the dd command below.

• After choosing the device, run the dd command to copy the new image onto the CF disk:

dd if=nc200*.img of=/dev/sda bs=4k

• The USB disk is now updated.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

• Place the USB device in your machine and apply power. You will probably have to change your BIOS to boot from USB-ZIP to get it to boot from the USB dongle.
• When the BIOS is configured correctly, the BIOS will launch the 'grub' boot loader. You

must hit a key within 3 seconds to get into the boot-loader, and then hit some other key (not ENTER) within 3 seconds to select the correct boot image. In most cases, this will be the fifth option (Generic P-II, USB Bootable, VGA-Console)

    GNU GRUB  version 0.97  (638K lower / 505792K upper memory)
 
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Candela Technologies Linux 2.6.18.2 (Appliance)                         |
 | Candela Technologies Linux 2.6.18.2 (Appliance, USB Bootable)           |
 | Candela Technologies Linux 2.6.18.2 (Generic  P-II, VGA-Console)        |
 | Candela Technologies Linux 2.6.18.2 (Generic  P-II, Serial-Console)     |
 | Candela Technologies Linux 2.6.18.2 (Generic P-II, USB Bootable, VGA->  |
 | Candela Technologies Linux 2.6.18.2 (Generic P-II, USB Bootable, Seri>  |
 |                                                                         |
 |                                                                         |
 |                                                                         |
 |                                                                         |
 |                                                                         |
 |                                                                         |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
      Use the ^ and v keys to select which entry is highlighted.
      Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the
      commands before booting, 'a' to modify the kernel arguments
      before booting, or 'c' for a command-line.

• After the machine boots the USB image, you will need to reconfigure LANforge to take advantage of the new hardware.
  • Log in as user root, with password lanforge
  • Reconfigure LANforge

cd /home/lanforge

 ./serverctl.bash stop
 ./lfconfig --new_layout
   > Make appropriate changes, including setting the mgt_dev to a device that
     exists on your machine (eth0 is a good option).
   > config
 ./serverctl.bash start

• Install the LANforge-GUI on a separate machine to manage the LANforge machine and

use it to connect to the management ethernet port on the USB-booted LANforge machine.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

These instructions are intended for users who do not have a built-in floppy drive in the machine being used to run the LANforge bootable CD-ROM.

• Boot from the bootable CD-ROM following the on-screen instructions.
• Login as root.
• Start the LANforge server with the command:

/etc/init.d/bbc_lanforge start

• After the start-up has completed, stop the LANforge server:

cd /home/lanforge ./serverctl.bash stop

• Connect your USB floppy drive to the LANforge server PC.
• The USB floppy drive should already have a disk in it with a license.txt file that you obtained from sales@candelatech.com.
• Insert the Universal Host Controller Interface Host Controller Driver kernel module:

insmod /lib/modules/2.6.18.2/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko

• Note the device name printed on screen that is used for your USB floppy drive, such as /dev/sda.
• Edit /etc/fstab and replace /dev/fd0 with the device name noted above.
• Mount the floppy drive:

mount /mnt/rw/floppy

• Copy the license.txt file from /mnt/rw/floppy to /home/lanforge:

cp /mnt/rw/floppy/license.txt /home/lanforge

• Start the LANforge server:

./serverctl.bash start

• Done!

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

The complete LANforge database is typically saved in the following directory:

/home/lanforge/DB

Within that directory you will find various saved directories that contain LANforge databases.

You can restore a single database by copying a saved directory to the /home/lanforge/DB directory.

A refresh of the GUI should show the new database on the Status tab under the “Test Configuration Database→List:” drop down menu. Then just choose the Load Behavior for the new database and click “Load”

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

• Download the new GUI from the LANforge software downloads page.
• Install the GUI per the LANforge GUI install directions.

Generally, the kernel version should be upgraded match the LANforge software version which is found on the LANforge software downloads page.

• The following command should already exist if you are upgrading LANforge and should be run prior to untarring the LANforge kernel:

/usr/local/bin/kinstall_ct<You current kernel version>.bash

• Install the new kernel by following the kernel install instructions.

• NOTE: After untarring the new kernel make sure that the kinstall script is run again.

• Check the release notes on the LANforge software downloads page for special instructions.
• Stop the server with the following commands:

cd /home/lanforge

./serverctl.bash stop
*  Backup the existing installation using the following commands:

cd /home tar -cvzf lanforge_bkup.tar.gz lanforge

• Install the new LANforge software per directions.
• Re-generate the configuration by running the:

./lfconfig –new_layout

• Install any new license keys you may require.
• Start the server with the following command:

./serverctl.bash start

• Done!

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

Uninstall the old one using add-remove-programs or the uninstall program menu option. To install the new GUI, just run the installer and follow the directions.

• Check the release notes on the Downloads Page for special instructions, if any.
• Stop the servers by closing their DOS windows.
• Make a backup copy of the previous install for safe keeping.
• Install the new LANforge software per directions DO NOT uninstall the old version unless you want to also purge

your configuration database!

• Re-generate the configuration as the final step of the install wizard.
• Install any new license keys you may require.
• Start the servers by double-clicking the icon(s), or reboot the machine.
• Done!

To upgrade the LF0200 or CT920 appliance, you can either upgrade the server and kernel components as described above for Linux, or you can upgrade the entire compact-flash (CF) image. The latter may be easier, and will also include any other upgrades to the basic Operating System configuration and components, but you will lose your LANforge configuration.

As of LANforge Release 4.4.10 the CF image requires a 1GB CF card with a true minimum size of 1039417344 bytes. For example, RiDATA Pro 1GB Model CFR1G-SILV is known to work whereas a SANDisk Ultra II 1.0GB is too small. To be safe, any 2GB CF card should work fine.

As of LANforge Release 5.0.6 the CF image requires a 2GB CF card.

Please note, if you use the wrong of= argument for dd, you can easily completely corrupt your system, requiring a complete re-install. If you have questions, or are un-sure of something, please contact support@candelatech.com before continuing!

• Save the /home/lanforge/license.txt file on your Appliance someplace safe so that you can re-add it to the new image once you have completed the upgrade.
• Power down appliance and remove the CF disk. Optionally, save this CF disk aside and use a separate CF disk of appropriate size for the new image. This will allow you to revert to the old disk if you have problems with the upgrade.
• Download the nc200*.img.bz2 image from the Candela Technologies Downloads page.
• Unzip it: bunzip2 nc200*.img.bz2
• Insert 512MB CF disk (or larger) into a USB CF reader.
• Figure out the device name. This can often be determined by looking at the results of:

dmesg | tail -40

You are looking for something similar to this:

SCSI device sda: 1000944 512-byte hdwr sectors (512 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
sda: Mode Sense: 43 00 00 08
sda: assuming drive cache: write through
  sda: sda1

Please note the (512 MB). If the size does not match your CF disk, you are probably looking at the wrong device! In the example above, /dev/sda is the CF disk, and /dev/sda1 is the first partition. You may have more or no partitions, but that does not matter. All data on the CF disk will be destroyed when you run the dd command below.

• After choosing the device, run the dd command to copy the new image onto the CF disk:

dd if=nc200*.img of=/dev/sda bs=4k

• The CF disk is now updated. Place it in the appliance and apply power.
• After the appliance boots, copy the license.txt file back into place and restart the LANforge processes to have the license take affect.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

Please note, if you use the wrong of= argument for dd, you can easily completely corrupt your system, requiring a complete re-install. If you have questions, or are un-sure of something, please contact support@candelatech.com before continuing!

As of LANforge Release 5.0.6 the CF image requires a 2GB CF card.

• Save the /home/lanforge/license.txt file on your Appliance someplace safe so that you can re-add it to the new image once you have completed the upgrade.
• Power down appliance and remove the CF disk. Optionally, save this CF disk aside and use a separate CF disk of appropriate size for the new image. This will allow you to revert to the old disk if you have problems with the upgrade.
• Download the nc200*.img.bz2 image from the Candela Technologies Downloads page.
• Insert 2GB CF disk (or larger) into a USB CF reader. (Some 1GB disks will work, but many are not quite big enough.)
• Download the latest 'dd.exe' tool from this web page: www.chrysocome.net/dd
• Save the dd.exe file to some directory and rename the dd.exe to dd-removable.exe.
• Open a Command prompt. Change directory so that you are in the same directory as the dd-removable.exe command (or, set up your %PATH% correctly.)
• Get and install the bzip2 tools from this site: www.bzip.org/downloads.html
• Un-zip the compressed image:

bunzip2 nc200*.img.bz2

• Figure out the device name. Use the dd-removable –list command to list your devices. Find an image that corresponds to the size of your CF disk. This is probably something like \\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0 For instance:

\\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0
  link to \\?\Device\Harddisk2\DR12
  Removable media other than floppy. Block size = 512
  size is 512483328 bytes

Please note the size is 512 MB. If the size does not match your CF disk, you are probably looking at the wrong device! In the example above, \\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0 is the CF disk. You may have partitions, but that does not matter. All data on the CF disk will be destroyed when you run the dd command below.

• After choosing the device, run the dd command to copy the new image onto the CF disk:

dd-removable --progress if=nc200.4.4.9.img of=\\?\Device\Harddisk2\Partition0 bs=4k

• The CF disk is now updated. Place it in the appliance and apply power.
• After the appliance boots, copy the license.txt file back into place and restart the LANforge processes to have the license take affect.

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

When using the LANforge layer-4 endpoint feature, you can build your URL such that LANforge will attempt to log in to the destination machine as a particular user with a particular password. The syntax is:

ftp://user:password@ftp.my.site:8021/README

Candela Technologies, Suite A, 2026 Main Street, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA | www.candelatech.com | sales@candelatech.com | +1 360 380 1618 (PST, GMT -8)

Please note: It is usually a bad idea to force the speed of an interface. If possible, leav