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Aerodynamics & performance
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AEA Deicing v22
Aircraft Icing
Many rejected take-off accidents occurred before closer examination of the certification criteria revealed some of the shortcomings. A number of pilots had possibly believed that they were within the certification criteria to reject a takeoff, but according to an FAA test pilot, icing certification should be considered as a licence to fly through, rather than in icing conditions...
Blended Winglets
Southwest engineer gives operator perspective on blended winglet.
Blended Winglets For Improved Performance
Blended winglets on the Boeing Business Jet and the B737-800 commercial airplane offer operational benefits to customers. Besides giving the airplanes a distinctive appearance, the winglets create more efficient flight characteristics in cruise and during takeoff and climbout, which translate into additional range with the same fuel and payload.
Center Of Gravity Limitations
This Boeing document will help you to understand better the Center Of Gravity Limitations.
Chilling Result Of Cold Temperatures On Baro Altimeters
Barometric altimeters on modern aircraft with digital Air Data Computers are very accurate most of the time and we rely on these altimeters in every aspect of today’s air travel. We diligently set the local altimeter settings prior to each takeoff and each approach but we do not routinely make any corrections for non-standard temperatures. This FSF document explains the chilling result of cold temperatures on barometric altimeters.
CONTAMINATED and SLIPPERY RUNWAY
This Boeing document will help you to increase your knowledge in a better understanding of contaminated & slippery runway operations.
Continuous Descent Arrivals
A UPS captain explains the operational aspects of CDAs or Continuous Descent Arrivals.
Cost Index Savings
A perspective to get started with dignified Cost Index Values...
De Icing and Anti Icing fluids
This Boeing document is an excellent briefing on deicing/anti-icing fluids. A must to know...
Derated Climb Performance
This Rolls Royce document answers to frequent asked questions on Derated Climb Performance:
Determination Of Dispatch Takeoff Weight
The determination of Dispatch Takeoff Weight seems to be quite easy: start with the empty weight of the airplane and add the weight. But is it always that straightforward? Is everything actually wihed prior to the flight? How is the airplane empty weight determined? This Boeing document is a very well done brochure.
Effect Of Zero Fuel Weight On Aircraft Operations
The Effect of ZFW / ZFWCG on Airbus Operations.
Enhanced Reduced Thrust At Takeoff
Airbus presents New Derated and Flexible Takeoff Thrust for up to 40% thrust reduction.
Erroneous Takeoff Speeds
Operators have reported the use of excessively low takeoff reference speeds that have resulted in tail strike, high-speed rejected takeoffs (RTO), and other instances of degraded performance. These incidents were caused by a variety of human errors that typically resulted from using an erroneously low value for gross weight or an incorrect flap reference setting when determining takeoff speeds. This document is published by Boeing and it is well illustrated.
Flex and Derate Takeoff and Climb
Flex/Derate, Engine bump and derated climb specific to Airbus aircraft.
Fuel Conservation
Boeing reviews the philosophy of Fuel Conservation: Fuel conservation means managing the operation & condition of an airplane to minimize fuel used on every flight!
Fuel Conservation and Fuel Reserve Optimization
A very interesting document published by All Nippon Airways and dealing with different possibilities to optimize the reserve fuel.
Fuel Management
Boeing publication reviewing during the 2006 Operators Symposium all the possible solutions to manage fuel consumption.
Getting Hands On Experience With Aerodynamic Deteriorations
Today's tough competitive environment forces airlines to reduce their operational costs in every facet of their business. All ways and means to achieve this goal have to be rationally envisaged, safety being of course the prime factor in any airline operation. A wide variety of different aspects have to be taken into consideration in this process, such as airline economics, airline management, flight operations, maintenance management, technical condition of aircraft. The purpose of this document is to examine the influence of the latter with respect to aerodynamic deterioration.
Getting to Grips With Aircraft Performance
This Airbus document provides reminders on aerodynamics, flight mechanics, altimetry, influence of external parameters on aircraft performance, flight optimization concepts, etc. Great information...
Getting To Grips With ALAR
This brochure provides an overview of the flying techniques and operational aspects involved in approach-and-landing accidents.
Getting To Grips With Cold Weather Operations
The purpose of this document is to provide Airbus operators with an understanding of Airbus aircraft operations in cold weather conditions, and address such aspects as aircraft contamination, performance on contaminated runways, fuel freezing limitations and altimeter corrections.
Getting To Grips With Fuel Economy
There is nothing to add: everything is the main title!
Getting To Grips With Perfomance Monitoring
The purpose of this brochure is to provide airline flight operations with some recommendations on the way to regularly monitor their aircraft performance. This brochure was designed to provide guidelines for aircraft performance monitoring based on the feedback obtained from many operators and on the knowledge of Airbus aircraft and systems.
Getting To Grips With The Cost Index
Today's tough competitive environment forces airlines to consider operational costs in every facet of their business. All ways and means to achieve this goal have to be rationally envisaged, safety being of course the prime factor in any airline operation. A wide spectrum of considerations intervene in this process stemming from airline economics, marketing management, crew scheduling, flight operations, engineering and maintenance management, technical condition of aircraft. The idea behind this document is to revisit the cost index concept with a view towards balancing both fuel- and time-related costs.
Getting To Grips With Weight and Balance
This material describes the cargo loading areas on Airbus aircraft and the systems related to cargo holds.
Jet Fuel Characteristics
This Boeing document provides a brief introduction to aviation fuel definitions and characteristics, familiarizes you with terminology and industry jargon,addresses operational concerns related to fuel, and exchanges some insight into the energy of flight.
Low Fuel temperatures
Basics, principles of operations and a new software tool for operational predictions
Managing Uneven Brake Temperatures
Operators typically purchase twin-aisle airplanes for long-distance flights. However, when market conditions dictate, operators may use some of these airplanes on shorter flights. In such instances, appropriate action by the flight crew can reduce the likelihood of brake overheating and concomitant departure delays.
Operations In Mountainous Areas
One of the very best documents published by Boeing on a very sensitive operational topic.
Performance Margins
When an aircraft is dispatched in accordance with certification and operational regulations, there are some inherent margins included in the calculated takeoff and landing performance. Although it is not permitted to take advantage of these margins in order to increase the aircraft performance limit weight, it is of interest to be aware of the magnitude of these margins.
Principles Of Takeoff Optimization
How to optimize Takeoff performance? This document has been published by Airbus for the 14th Performance & Operations Conference.
RANGE OF V1
Boeing goes well beyond the idea that V1 is the speed at which the takeoff should be continued unless the stopping maneuver has already been initiated.
Recommendations For De Icing and Anti Icing
Recommendations For De-Icing and Anti-Icing published by the AEA (Association Of European Airlines). The AEA De-icing/Anti-icing Working Group is the European focal point for the continuous development of safe, economical and environmentally friendly standards and procedures for the deicing/anti-icing of aircraft on the ground in conjunction with related international standards
Reduced Thrust Operations
Topics of discussion are numerous: benefits of using Reduced Thrust, Methods for Reduced Takeoff Thrust, Regulatory requirements, thrust effect on takeoff performance, assumed temperature method. This is an exhaustive brochure.
Reducing Flight Operation Cost
This SAS Braathens document has been published by Boeing during one of its latest symposiums. Once again it is well illustrated and quite interesting to read.
Review Of Performance Requirements
Most current performance requirements for the certification and operation of transport category airplanes were established at the beginning of the jet age. Today, operating experience and data provide the most accurate means to further improve the performance requirements of modern transport airplanes.
Takeoff Speed Determination At Low Weight
Reminders on Airbus recommendations.
Takeoff Thrust Setting
Takeoff Thrust Setting Review for Airbus Operators.
Understanding Ice Accretion
This document will help you to understand the whole process of ice accretion and the consecutive dangers.
Understanding Improved Climb
What is Improved Climb? How is Improved Climb used? Explore in this Boeing document all the operational considerations of "improving" climb performance
Understanding Takeoff Speeds
The objective of this Briefing is to provide, from an operational perspective, an overall review of takeoff speeds, and of the factors that affect the calculation and use of V speeds.
Understanding Takeoff Thrust Setting Technique
This well-illustrated document to help pilots to understand different takoff thrust setting techniques.
Understanding The Angle Of Attack (Part1)
Since the early days of flight, angle of attack (AOA) has been a key aeronauticalengineering parameter and is fundamental to understanding many aspects of airplane performance, stability, and control. Virtually any book on these subjects, as well as basic texts and instructional material written for flight crews, defines AOA and discusses its many attributes...
Understanding The Angle Of Attack (Part2)
This Boeing article deals again with Angle of attack (AOA) which is an aerodynamic parameter that is key to understanding the limits of airplane performance. Recent accidents and incidents have resulted in new flight crew training programs, which in turn have raised interest in AOA in commercial aviation. Awareness of AOA is vitally important as the airplane nears stall. It is less useful to the flight crew in the normal operational range. On most Boeing models currently in production, AOA information is presented in several ways: stick shaker, airspeed tape, and pitch limit indicator. Boeing has also developed a dedicated AOA indicator integral to the flight crew’s primary flight displays.
Understanding Winglets Technology
Another well detailed document explaining the winglets philosophy.
V1 and GO No Go Decision
This Boeing document reviews the importance of V1, statistics of past Rejected Takeoff (RTO) accidents and incidents and tries to provide an appropriate education for a better "Go/no Go" decision.
Vortex Generators
The Vortex Generators have been installed and utilized on most of commercial aircraft to enhance flying qualities, but each application has its own story...
Wake Turbulence The Invisible Danger
Turbulence has been known since the early days of aviation. The introduction of wide-body aircraft and the wake turbulence associated with their heavy weights, an increase of air traffic and safety concerns, prompted industry and government interest. Much investigation and analysis was done by Boeing and other agencies in the 1960s and 1970s. It was during this time when some ground rules, or to be more precise, air rules were established so that this usually invisible hazard could be avoided. What are the wake turbulence issues is one of questions asked in this very interesting Airliner document
Wet Runway (Physics Certfication and Application)
What is a Wet runway? Ask around you and you should be surprised of some answers. This Boeing document explains the hidden side of the wet runway concept...
Wingtip Devices
Wingtip Devices: what they do and how they do it. A Boeing aerodynamist explains in very simple words what is hidden between "induced drag reduction", "vortex", "winglets" and so on.

Engines
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CFM Flight Ops Support A320
CFM Flight Ops Support B737
Derate Takeoff by CFM
Economic Impact of Derated Climb on Large Commercial Engines
Aircraft engines are sized and power managed to meet takeoff field length and climb rate requirements at the maximum takeoff gross weight (TOGW). When operating at reduced TOGW, reduced thrust (derate) may be used in both takeoff and climb to extend engine life and reduce maintenance cost.
EGT Margin by CFM
Engines Thrust Loss
Review of operational impact
Engine Ignition Selection
This document has been published by Airbus and deals with Engine Ignition Selection.
Engine Operation and Malfunctions
The purpose of this document is to provide straightforward material to give flight crews the basics of airplane engine operational theory. This document will also provide pertinent information about malfunctions that may be encountered during the operation of turbofanpowered airplanes, especially those malfunctions that cannot be simulated well and may thus cause confusion.
Engine Performance Deterioration by CFM
Engine Power Loss In Ice Crystal Conditions
High-altitude ice crystals in convective weather are now recognized as a cause of engine damage and engine power loss that affects multiple models of commercial airplanes and engines. These events typically have occurred in conditions that appear benign to pilots, including an absence of airframe icing and only light turbulence.
Engine Regulation by CFM
Fuel Filter Contamination
Dirty fuel is the main cause of engine fuel filter contamination. Although it’s a difficult problem to isolate, airlines can take steps to deal with it, including auditing fuel suppliers to ensure that they are following applicable fuel handling requirements and replacing engine fuel filters more often.
Handling Engine Malfunctions
The objective of this Bri