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Part of the work on Timed tracks.

Requirements:

• We need to use time for timings, not frames, because the same file might apply to multiple versions of the same video, with different frame rates.
• For a similar reason, any positioning needs to be relative to the frame, not absolute (in pixels)

Extensions marked * below are shared by multiple formats. Formats marked ★ are the most likely to be a useful base for a new or extended format.

Adobe Encore

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

AQTitle (.aqt)

• https://trac.annodex.net/wiki/AQTitle

Uses frames for timings.

ARIB STD-B24

• www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/6-STD-B24v5_2-1p3-E1.pdf

Apparently XML-based and/or binary based. Unclear. Appears to be rather complicated.

AYA (.aya)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

CA (.ca)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

CHK (.chk)

• Mention: filext.com/file-extension/chk

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

CIN (.cin)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

CIP (.cip)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

DKS (.dks)

• Couldn't find a specification
• Sample file: www.allsubs.org/subs-download/tommy-boy-dks/149169/
• subtitleproc.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/subtitleproc/SubtitleProcessor/data/DKS.xml?revision=1.1&view=markup

Probably too simple to be useful. Doesn't seem to support overlapping times. Uses "[br]" for line breaks. Unclear how easy it would be to extend usefully without effectively making a completely new format.

DVD Studio Pro

• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/DSP3
• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/DSP4
• subtitleproc.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/subtitleproc/SubtitleProcessor/data/MacDVDStudioPRO.xml?revision=1.1&view=markup

Simple format. Uses '<P>' for line breaks. Uses tabs as a deliminator in one version, spaces and commas in another.

EBU STL (.ebu)

• web.archive.org/web/20060927230537/www.ebu.ch/CMSimages/en/tec_doc_t3264_tcm6-10528.pdf

Binary format.

FAB Subtitler ★

• subtitleproc.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/subtitleproc/SubtitleProcessor/data/FABSubtitler.xml?revision=1.1&view=markup

Simple format. Uses real line breaks. Could be extended usefully.

Gloss Subtitle (.gsub)

Couldn't find any information on this format.

JACOSub (.jss)

• unicorn.us.com/jacosub/jscripts.html
• unicorn.us.com/jacosub/demo.txt

Pretty complicated. Uses "\n" for line breaks.

Kate

• wiki.xiph.org/OggKate#Format_specification ?

Binary format with text components, making it hard to hand-edit. The text components seem pretty verbose.

L32 (.l32)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

MacSUB

• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/Macsub
• subtitleproc.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/subtitleproc/SubtitleProcessor/data/MacSUB.xml?revision=1.1&view=markup

Uses frames for timings. Uses real line breaks.

MicroDVD (.sub*)

• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroDVD
• divxstation.com/article.asp?aId=27
• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/MicroDVD

Uses frames for timings. Uses "|" for line breaks.

(Appears to be basically the PowerDivX format, but using frames instead of seconds.)

MPEG-4 Timed Text (.ttxt)

• gpac.sourceforge.net/doc_ttxt.php

Pretty complicated. Seems to be formatting-centric. Has some pixel-based positioning. Difficult to hand-edit. Uses strings delimited by apostrophes to mark line breaks.

MPL (.mpl)

• subtitleproc.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/subtitleproc/SubtitleProcessor/data/MPL.xml?revision=1.1&view=markup
• www.opensubtitles.org/en/subtitles/3651417/house-m-d-en
• web.archive.org/web/20070825195431/napisy.ussbrowarek.org/mpl2-eng.html

Uses frames for timings in the first version; decaseconds in the second version. Simple format. Uses "|" for line breaks.

MPSub (.sub*)

• www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/tech/mpsub.sub

Relative timings, which can be hard to hand-edit correctly. Uses real line breaks. Could be extended, though most useful extensions would not be backwards-compatible (e.g. adding a new timing format).

Ogg Writ

• wiki.xiph.org/OggWrit

Binary format, nigh on impossible to hand-edit.

Phoenix Subtitle (.pjs)

• https://trac.annodex.net/wiki/PJS
• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/PJS

Uses frames for timings. Has some weird rules relating to displaying multiple subtitles at once.

PowerDivX (.psb)

• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/PowerDivX

Currently has low resolution timings. Uses "|" for line breaks. Simple format. Could be extended usefully.

(Appears to be basically the MicroDVD format, but using seconds instead of frames.)

PU2000 (.rac, .pac)

Couldn't find a specification for this format or it's later version PU2020. Appears to be a binary format.

RealText (.rt)

• service.real.com/help/library/guides/realtext/realtext.htm

Supports a number of features that aren't necessary. Uses "<br/>" for line breaks. Could probably be used as the basis for a new similar format.

SAMI (.smi)

• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAMI

Probably has complicated legacy parsing requirements. Uses "<BR>" for line breaks. Would be difficult to extend in a backwards-compatible way.

Scantitling format 890 (.890)

Couldn't find a specification for this format. Appears to come in text and binary variants.

Screen Poliscript

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

Softel SwiftXIF (.xif)

Couldn't find a specification for this format. Appears to be XML-based.

Sonic Solutions DVD text format

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

Spruce STL

Couldn't find a specification for this format. Appears to be text-based.

ST4, ST7 (.st4, .st7)

Couldn't find a specification for these formats.

Structured Subtitle Format (.ssf)

• guliverkli2.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/guliverkli2/src/subtitles/libssf/docs/ssf-specs.txt
• guliverkli2.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/guliverkli2/src/subtitles/libssf/demo/demo.ssf?revision=1
• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/SSF

Ludicrously verbose. Not a good format for hand-editing. Uses "\n" for line breaks.

SubRip (.srt) ★

• forum.doom9.org/archive/index.php/t-73953.html

Currently has pixel-based positioning. Simple format. Uses real line breaks. Could be extended usefully.

See: SRT research

Subsonic

• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/Subsonic

Unclear format ("~:"?).

smilText

• www.w3.org/TR/SMIL/smil-text.html

Pretty complicated. Seems to be formatting-centric. Has some pixel-based positioning. Difficult to hand-edit.

SubStation Alpha (.ssa)

• www.matroska.org/technical/specs/subtitles/ssa.html

Pretty verbose. Has some pixel-based positioning. Uses "\N" for line breaks (though this is somewhat configurable). Has some rather subtle syntax of the kind that typically results in buggy implementations. (Indeed, see the "note" in [1].)

A later version called Advanced SubStation Alpha (.ass) is even more complicated.

SubViewer (.sub*)

• wiki.videolan.org/SubViewer
• https://trac.annodex.net/wiki/SubViewer
• subtitleproc.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/subtitleproc/SubtitleProcessor/data/SubViewer.xml?revision=1.1&view=markup
• subtitleproc.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/subtitleproc/SubtitleProcessor/data/SubViewer2.xml?revision=1.1&view=markup

Either uses "[br]" for line breaks, "|" for line breaks, or real line breaks, depending on the version. Making a backwards-compatible parser would likely require more effort than for most other formats.

TIT (.tit)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

TitleVision TV2003 text format

• www.titlevision.adsl.dk/tv2003/index.html?textfile.htm

Uses tabs for syntax. Uses real line breaks. Would be hard to extend usefully.

TTML

• www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/

Pretty complicated. Seems to be formatting-centric. Has some pixel-based positioning. Difficult to hand-edit.

Turbotitler

• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/Turbotitler

Unclear format ("NTP"?). Uses "|" for line breaks.

ULT (.ult)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

Universal Subtitle Format (.usf)

• www.titlevision.dk/usf.htm
• blog.aegisub.org/2008/07/universal-subtitle-format-post-mortem.html

Extremely verbose. Uses "<br/>" for line breaks. Not a good format for hand-editing.

Used by Titlevision, since it is xml it is extremely easy to extend while maintaining backwards compatability.

VPlayer

• https://trac.annodex.net/wiki/VPlayer

Supports several different syntaxes. Doesn't seem to support overlapping times in the time-based modes (though apparently it does in the frame-based modes). Uses "|" for line breaks.

WinCaps (.w32)

Couldn't find a specification for this format.

XombieSub

• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/XombieSub

Apparently similar to SubStation Alpha. Couldn't find any concrete information.

ZeroG (.zeg)

• devel.aegisub.org/wiki/SubtitleFormats/ZeroG

Unclear format.

Other formats

CVD, DVB subtitles, Philips DVD subtitling format, SVCD, VobSub (.sub and .idx), and XSUB (DivX subtitles) are not listed as they appear to be image-based formats.

CMML and SMIL are not listed above since they don't appear to be subtitle formats so much as timed media mixing formats.

There are more formats listed in the following pages, though with no further information:

• autocaption.com/resource_specifications_format_list.html
• www.urusoft.net/products.php?cat=vp&lang=1
• www.eztitles.com/index.php?page=48
• captionmax.com/services/tape-delivery-formats

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