Proc

Proc objects are blocks of code that have been bound to a set of local variables. Once bound, the code may be called in different contexts and still access those variables.

def gen_times(factor)
  return Proc.new {|n| n*factor }
end

times3 = gen_times(3)
times5 = gen_times(5)

times3.call(12)               #=> 36
times5.call(5)                #=> 25
times3.call(times5.call(4))   #=> 60

Public Class Methods

new {|...| block } → a_proc click to toggle source

new → a_proc

Creates a new Proc object, bound to the current context. Proc::new may be called without a block only within a method with an attached block, in which case that block is converted to the Proc object.

def proc_from
  Proc.new
end
proc = proc_from { "hello" }
proc.call   #=> "hello"

 
               static VALUE
rb_proc_s_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE block = proc_new(klass, FALSE);

    rb_obj_call_init(block, argc, argv);
    return block;
}

Public Instance Methods

proc === obj → result_of_proc click to toggle source

Invokes the block with obj as the proc's parameter like #call. It is to allow a proc object to be a target of when clause in a case statement.

 
               static VALUE
proc_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE procval)
{
    VALUE vret;
    rb_proc_t *proc;
    rb_block_t *blockptr = 0;
    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
    VALUE passed_procval;
    GetProcPtr(procval, proc);

    iseq = proc->block.iseq;
    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(iseq) == T_NODE || iseq->param.flags.has_block) {
        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            rb_proc_t *passed_proc;
            RB_GC_GUARD(passed_procval) = rb_block_proc();
            GetProcPtr(passed_procval, passed_proc);
            blockptr = &passed_proc->block;
        }
    }

    vret = rb_vm_invoke_proc(GET_THREAD(), proc, argc, argv, blockptr);
    RB_GC_GUARD(procval);
    return vret;
}

prc[params,...] → obj click to toggle source

Invokes the block, setting the block’s parameters to the values in params using something close to method calling semantics. Generates a warning if multiple values are passed to a proc that expects just one (previously this silently converted the parameters to an array). Note that prc.() invokes prc.call() with the parameters given. It’s a syntax sugar to hide “call”.

For procs created using lambda or ->() an error is generated if the wrong number of parameters are passed to a Proc with multiple parameters. For procs created using Proc.new or Kernel.proc, extra parameters are silently discarded.

Returns the value of the last expression evaluated in the block. See also Proc#yield.

a_proc = Proc.new {|a, *b| b.collect {|i| i*a }}
a_proc.call(9, 1, 2, 3)   #=> [9, 18, 27]
a_proc[9, 1, 2, 3]        #=> [9, 18, 27]
a_proc = lambda {|a,b| a}
a_proc.call(1,2,3)

produces:

prog.rb:4:in `block in <main>': wrong number of arguments (3 for 2) (ArgumentError)
 from prog.rb:5:in `call'
 from prog.rb:5:in `<main>'

 
               static VALUE
proc_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE procval)
{
    VALUE vret;
    rb_proc_t *proc;
    rb_block_t *blockptr = 0;
    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
    VALUE passed_procval;
    GetProcPtr(procval, proc);

    iseq = proc->block.iseq;
    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(iseq) == T_NODE || iseq->param.flags.has_block) {
        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            rb_proc_t *passed_proc;
            RB_GC_GUARD(passed_procval) = rb_block_proc();
            GetProcPtr(passed_procval, passed_proc);
            blockptr = &passed_proc->block;
        }
    }

    vret = rb_vm_invoke_proc(GET_THREAD(), proc, argc, argv, blockptr);
    RB_GC_GUARD(procval);
    return vret;
}

arity → fixnum click to toggle source

Returns the number of mandatory arguments. If the block is declared to take no arguments, returns 0. If the block is known to take exactly n arguments, returns n. If the block has optional arguments, returns -n-1, where n is the number of mandatory arguments, with the exception for blocks that are not lambdas and have only a finite number of optional arguments; in this latter case, returns n. Keywords arguments will considered as a single additional argument, that argument being mandatory if any keyword argument is mandatory. A proc with no argument declarations is the same as a block declaring || as its arguments.

proc {}.arity                  #=>  0
proc { || }.arity              #=>  0
proc { |a| }.arity             #=>  1
proc { |a, b| }.arity          #=>  2
proc { |a, b, c| }.arity       #=>  3
proc { |*a| }.arity            #=> -1
proc { |a, *b| }.arity         #=> -2
proc { |a, *b, c| }.arity      #=> -3
proc { |x:, y:, z:0| }.arity   #=>  1
proc { |*a, x:, y:0| }.arity   #=> -2

proc   { |x=0| }.arity         #=>  0
lambda { |x=0| }.arity         #=> -1
proc   { |x=0, y| }.arity      #=>  1
lambda { |x=0, y| }.arity      #=> -2
proc   { |x=0, y=0| }.arity    #=>  0
lambda { |x=0, y=0| }.arity    #=> -1
proc   { |x, y=0| }.arity      #=>  1
lambda { |x, y=0| }.arity      #=> -2
proc   { |(x, y), z=0| }.arity #=>  1
lambda { |(x, y), z=0| }.arity #=> -2
proc   { |a, x:0, y:0| }.arity #=>  1
lambda { |a, x:0, y:0| }.arity #=> -2

 
               static VALUE
proc_arity(VALUE self)
{
    int arity = rb_proc_arity(self);
    return INT2FIX(arity);
}

binding → binding click to toggle source

Returns the binding associated with prc. Note that Kernel#eval accepts either a Proc or a Binding object as its second parameter.

def fred(param)
  proc {}
end

b = fred(99)
eval("param", b.binding)   #=> 99

 
               static VALUE
proc_binding(VALUE self)
{
    rb_proc_t *proc;
    VALUE bindval;
    rb_binding_t *bind;
    rb_iseq_t *iseq;

    GetProcPtr(self, proc);
    iseq = proc->block.iseq;
    if (RB_TYPE_P((VALUE)iseq, T_NODE)) {
        if (!IS_METHOD_PROC_NODE((NODE *)iseq)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Can't create Binding from C level Proc");
        }
        iseq = rb_method_get_iseq(RNODE(iseq)->u2.value);
    }

    bindval = rb_binding_alloc(rb_cBinding);
    GetBindingPtr(bindval, bind);
    bind->env = proc->envval;
    bind->blockprocval = proc->blockprocval;
    if (RUBY_VM_NORMAL_ISEQ_P(iseq)) {
        bind->path = iseq->location.path;
        bind->first_lineno = FIX2INT(rb_iseq_first_lineno(iseq->self));
    }
    else {
        bind->path = Qnil;
        bind->first_lineno = 0;
    }
    return bindval;
}

call(params,...) → obj click to toggle source

Returns the value of the last expression evaluated in the block. See also Proc#yield.

a_proc = Proc.new {|a, *b| b.collect {|i| i*a }}
a_proc.call(9, 1, 2, 3)   #=> [9, 18, 27]
a_proc[9, 1, 2, 3]        #=> [9, 18, 27]
a_proc = lambda {|a,b| a}
a_proc.call(1,2,3)

produces:

prog.rb:4:in `block in <main>': wrong number of arguments (3 for 2) (ArgumentError)
 from prog.rb:5:in `call'
 from prog.rb:5:in `<main>'

 
               static VALUE
proc_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE procval)
{
    VALUE vret;
    rb_proc_t *proc;
    rb_block_t *blockptr = 0;
    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
    VALUE passed_procval;
    GetProcPtr(procval, proc);

    iseq = proc->block.iseq;
    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(iseq) == T_NODE || iseq->param.flags.has_block) {
        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            rb_proc_t *passed_proc;
            RB_GC_GUARD(passed_procval) = rb_block_proc();
            GetProcPtr(passed_procval, passed_proc);
            blockptr = &passed_proc->block;
        }
    }

    vret = rb_vm_invoke_proc(GET_THREAD(), proc, argc, argv, blockptr);
    RB_GC_GUARD(procval);
    return vret;
}

curry → a_proc click to toggle source

curry(arity) → a_proc

Returns a curried proc. If the optional arity argument is given, it determines the number of arguments. A curried proc receives some arguments. If a sufficient number of arguments are supplied, it passes the supplied arguments to the original proc and returns the result. Otherwise, returns another curried proc that takes the rest of arguments.

b = proc {|x, y, z| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) }
p b.curry[1][2][3]           #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4]        #=> 6
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5]  #=> 6
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5]  #=> 6
p b.curry(1)[1]              #=> 1

b = proc {|x, y, z, *w| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) + w.inject(0, &:+) }
p b.curry[1][2][3]           #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4]        #=> 10
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5]  #=> 15
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5]  #=> 15
p b.curry(1)[1]              #=> 1

b = lambda {|x, y, z| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) }
p b.curry[1][2][3]           #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4]        #=> wrong number of arguments (4 for 3)
p b.curry(5)                 #=> wrong number of arguments (5 for 3)
p b.curry(1)                 #=> wrong number of arguments (1 for 3)

b = lambda {|x, y, z, *w| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) + w.inject(0, &:+) }
p b.curry[1][2][3]           #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4]        #=> 10
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5]  #=> 15
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5]  #=> 15
p b.curry(1)                 #=> wrong number of arguments (1 for 3)

b = proc { :foo }
p

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