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Guide to the Animal Kingdom for Students and Educators
Within this Guide links are provided to useful internet resources for each major animal group.
- Sarcomastigophora
- Mastigophora mastigophorans, flagellates
- Phytomastigophorea phytoflagellates, groups include representatives which have chloroplasts and are photosynthetic
- Chloromonadida chloromonads, chlorophytes (Heterosigma)
- Chrysomonadida chrysomonads, chrysophytes, yellow-green algae (Mallomonas, Ochromonas)
- Cryptomonadida cryptomonads,
cryptophytes, found all over the world both free living
in moist places and parasitic in animals (Cryptomonas, Rhodomonas)- Dinoflagellida dinocysts, dinoflagellates, dinomastigotes, dinophytes, mostly marine planktonic but some freshwater representatives, may form 'red tides' (Gonyaulax), be luminescent (Noctiluca), form symbiotic relationships with coelenterates (Gymnodinium), and others (Peridinium)
- Euglenida euglenoid flagellates, euglenophyta, mostly inhabit freshwater enriched with organic matter (Euglena), some marine or brackish, a few are parasitic in animals
- Prymnesiida prymnesiophytes, haptophytes, golden motile algae viewed by marine biologists as calcareous nannoplankton plankton and by palaeontologists as coccolithophorids (Coccolithus, Prymnesium)
- Silicoflagellida silicoflagellates
(Dictyocha)- Volvocida (Chlamydomonas, Chloromonas, Dunaliella, Volvox)
- Chrysomonadida chrysomonads, chrysophytes, yellow-green algae (Mallomonas, Ochromonas)
- Zoomastigophorea zooflagellates
- Choanoflagellida choanoflagellates,
collar-flagellates, may be solitary (Salpingoeca) or
colonial (Proterospongia), colonial choanoflagellates
resemble sponges and it is thought that they might represent what an ancestor of all metazoans might have been like- Diplomonadida some freeliving in freshwater but most commensal or parasitic in intestines of animals (Giardia, Hexamita)
- Hypermastigida
- Kinetoplastida include the freeliving bodonids and parasitic trypanosomes (Leishmania, Trypanosoma)
- Oxymonadida
- Proteromonadida (Proteromonas)
- Trichomonadida (Trichomonas, Tritrichomonas)
- Diplomonadida some freeliving in freshwater but most commensal or parasitic in intestines of animals (Giardia, Hexamita)
- Chloromonadida chloromonads, chlorophytes (Heterosigma)
- Opalinata (Opalina)
- Sarcodina made up of superclasses Rhizopoda (amastigote amoebae and thecamoebae) and the Actinopoda which includes the radiolarian groups
- Lobosea
- Gymnamoebia (Gymnamoeba)
- Amoebida (Acanthamoeba, Amoeba, Entamoeba)
- Pelobiontida karyoblasteans,freeliving amoeboid protists completely lacking mitochondria (Pelomyxa)
- Schizopyrenida sometimes called amoeboflagellates, common in soils, some are pathogenic in man(Naegleria)
- Pelobiontida karyoblasteans,freeliving amoeboid protists completely lacking mitochondria (Pelomyxa)
- Testacealobosia
- Arcellinida (Arcella, Difflugia)
- Himatismenida
- Tichosida
- Himatismenida
- Amoebida (Acanthamoeba, Amoeba, Entamoeba)
- Acarpomyxea (Leptomyxa)
- Acrasea cellular slime moulds (Acrasis)
- Eumycetozoea includes cellular slime moulds, the prosteliids (Ceratiomyxa) and dictyosteliids (Dictyostelium, Polysphondylium), together with acellular, plasmodial or true slime moulds myxogastrids, myxomycota, myxomycetes (Physarum)
- Plasmodiophorea mostly obligate parasites of plants (Plasmodiophora, Spongospora)
- Filosea includes aconchulinids and gromiids (Euglypha)
- Granuloreticulosia includes Foraminifera (Ammonia, Anomalina, Globigerina, Globorotalia, Trochammina)
- Xenophyophorea (Psammina)
- Acantharea radiolarian group
- Polycystinea radiolarian group
- Phaeodarea radiolarian group
- Heliozoea primarily freshwater (Acanthocystis, Dimorpha, Raphidocystis)
- Gymnamoebia (Gymnamoeba)
- Phytomastigophorea phytoflagellates, groups include representatives which have chloroplasts and are photosynthetic
- Labyrinthomorpha labyrinthulids, slime nets, form transparent colonies of individual cells (Labyrinthula)
- Apicomplexa named for 'apical complex' a distinctive arrangement of organelles at one end of the cell, all are spore forming parasites of animals and include the haematozoan parasites of vertebrate blood
- Perkinsea (Perkinsus)
- Sporozoea
- Gregarinia gregarines (Gregarina, Nematopsis)
- Coccidia coccidians, malarial parasites (Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, Hepatozoon, Isospora, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma)
- Piroplasmia piroplasmids (Babesia, Theileria)
- Coccidia coccidians, malarial parasites (Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, Hepatozoon, Isospora, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma)
- Sporozoea
- Microspora mostly intracellular parasites of vertebrates (Glugea, Microsporidium, Nosema)
- Ascetospora (=Haplospora) includes the spore forming parasites Haplosporidia (Haplosporidium, Urosporidium) and Paramyxea
- Myxozoa (=Cnidospora) traditionally considered protistan parasites but recent molecular evidence supports an origin with parasitic cnidarians
- Myxosporea myxosporidians, parasites of vertebrates and often disease causing in fish (Ceratomyxa, Henneguya, Kudea, Myxidium, Myxobolus)
- Actinosporea actinomyxids, parasites of invertebrates
- Actinosporea actinomyxids, parasites of invertebrates
- Ciliophora ciliates, infusorians, characterized by having cilia
- Kinetofragminophorea
- Gymnostomatia includes Katyorelictida (Loxodes) and Prostomatida (Didinium)
- Vestibulifera includes Colpodida (Colpoda), Entodiniomorpha (Entodinium, Polyplastron) and Trichostomatida (Balantidium, Dasytricha)
- Hypostomatia includes Apostomatida, Cyrtophorida and Nassulida
- Suctoria (Trichophrya)
- Vestibulifera includes Colpodida (Colpoda), Entodiniomorpha (Entodinium, Polyplastron) and Trichostomatida (Balantidium, Dasytricha)
- Oligohymenophorea
- Hymenostomatida includes Astomatida, Hymenostomatida (Colpidium, Paramecium, Tetrahymena) and Scuticociliatida (Uronema)
- Hysterocinetia
- Peritrichia peritrichs (Ophrydium, Trichodina, Vorticella)
- Hysterocinetia
- Polyhymenophorea
- Spirotrichia includes Heterotrichida (Bursaria, Metopus, Stentor), Hypotrichida (Euplotes, Oxytricha), Oligotrichida (Strombidium, tintinnids)
- Gymnostomatia includes Katyorelictida (Loxodes) and Prostomatida (Didinium)
- Hemimastigophora
- Mastigophora mastigophorans, flagellates
Metazoa
multicellular mitochondrial eukaryotes (together with plants, fungi and some
protists sometimes referred to as Crown Eukaryotes)
- Invertebrates 'animals without backbones'; here taken to include all non-chordate metazoans:-
- Porifera poriferans, sponges, characterized by pores in their outside walls through which water is drawn [links]
- Calcarea calcareous sponges with spicules of calcium carbonate (Clathrina)
- Demospongiae have a skeletal network of spongin fibers and/or siliceous spicules, includes all known freshwater sponges (Ephydatia, Haliclona, Spongilla)
- Hexactinellida glass sponges with siliceous spicules (Hexactinella, Rossella)
- Sclerospongiae a polyphyletic grouping
- Stromatoporoidea fossil group with massive calcareous skeletons (Stromatoporella)
- Demospongiae have a skeletal network of spongin fibers and/or siliceous spicules, includes all known freshwater sponges (Ephydatia, Haliclona, Spongilla)
- Coelenterata (=Cnidaria) coelenterates, mainly marine phylum characterized by cnida or nematocysts used in feeding; characteristic body forms are the polyp (generally sedentary) and the medusa (generally motile) [links]
- Anthozoa includes most corals & sea anemones, coelenterates whose living representatives lack a medusoid 'jellyfish' stage in their life cycle
- Ceriantipatharia black corals, thorny corals (Antipathes, Cerianthus)
- Octocorallia (=Alcyonaria)
alcyonarians, soft corals, sea pens (Alcyonium, Renilla)- Zoantharia (=Hexacorallia) corals and sea anemones
- Actiniaria sea anemones
(Actinia, Metridium)- Rugosa fossil rugose corals, tetracorals (Acanthophyllum, Stylostrotion)
- Scleractinia (=Madreporaria)
hard corals, stony corals, true corals (Acropora, Fungia,
Montastraea, Porites)- Tabulata tabulate corals, fossil (Alveolites, Heliolites)
- Zoanthiniaria (=Zoanthidea)
(Palythoa, Zoanthus)
- Rugosa fossil rugose corals, tetracorals (Acanthophyllum, Stylostrotion)
- Octocorallia (=Alcyonaria)
- Cubozoa box jellyfish (Carybdea)
- Hydrozoa (=Hydromedusae) mostly alternate between polyp and medusa stage, many are colonial
- Hydroida freshwater hydras & colonial hydroids (Hydra, Hydractinia, Obelia, Plumularia, Tubularia)
- Milleporina (=Milleporida)
hydrocorals, millepores (Millepora)- Siphonophorida (=Siphonophora)
colonial jellyfish (Physalia)
- Milleporina (=Milleporida)
- Scyphozoa true jellyfish (Aurelia, Chrysaora, Rhopilema)
- Ceriantipatharia black corals, thorny corals (Antipathes, Cerianthus)
- Ctenophora comb jellies, ctenophores, jelly like motile marine organisms with rows of beating cilia or comb plates (Beroe, Mnemiopsis, Pleurobrachia) [links]
- Echinodermata echinoderms, marine deuterostome organisms characterized by tube feet which form part of the water vascular system, thought to possibly have a common ancestry with the chordates [links]
- Crinoidea featherstars, sea lilies (Barycrinus, Metacrinus)
- Echinoidea heart urchins, sand dollars, sea urchins (Clypeaster, Echinus, Echinocardium, Hemicentrotus, Lytechinus, Paracentrotus, Strongylocentrotus)
- Holothuroidea sea cucumbers (Cucumaria, Holothuria, Stichopus)
- Stelleroidea
- Asteroidea sea stars, starfish
(Acanthaster, Asterias, Pisaster)- Ophiuroidea brittle stars (Amphiura, Ophiura)
- Ophiuroidea brittle stars (Amphiura, Ophiura)
- Echinoidea heart urchins, sand dollars, sea urchins (Clypeaster, Echinus, Echinocardium, Hemicentrotus, Lytechinus, Paracentrotus, Strongylocentrotus)
- Platyhelminthes flat worms, acoelomate animals of uncertain origin [links]
- Cestoda tapeworms (Diphyllobothrium, Echinococcus, Hymenolepis, Taenia)
- Trematoda parasitic flukes (Cercaria, Diplostomum, Fasciola, Gyrodactylus, Schistosoma)
- Turbellaria turbellarians, free living flatworms (Dugesia, Temnocephala)
- Trematoda parasitic flukes (Cercaria, Diplostomum, Fasciola, Gyrodactylus, Schistosoma)
- Nematoda nematodes, roundworms, threadworms (some), whipworms, lungworms, hookworms, eelworms; a pseudocoelomate phylum with both parasitic and free-living representatives, exist in very large numbers (Ascaris, Caenorhabditis C. elegans, Haemonchus, Heterorhabditis, Meloidogyne, Onchocerca, Toxocara) [links]
- Acanthocephala acanthocephalans, spiny headed worms; a parasitic pseudocoelomate phylum with spiny protrusible proboscis (Acanthocephalus, Corynosoma, Moniliformis) [links]
- Mesozoa mesozoans, small worm like organisms at one time though to be degenerate flatworms (Rhopalura) [links]
- Nematomorpha nematomorphans, horsehair worms, threadworms (some), gordian worms; a pseudocoelomate phylum (Gordius) [links]
- Nemertinea (=Rhynchocoela, Nemertea) nemertines, proboscis worms, rhynchocoels, ribbon worms, acoelomate worms with extensible proboscis (Cerebratulus, Lineus) [links]
- Annelida annelids, segmented coelomate worms with chitinous bristles [links]
- Hirudinea leeches (Helobdella, Hirudo, Notostomum) [links]
- Oligochaeta earthworms, terrestrial bristle worms (Dendrobaena, Eisenia, Lumbricus, Tubifex) [links]
- Polychaeta lugworms, paddleworms, polychaetes, ragworms, sandworms, include parasitic Myzostomida but otherwise mostly marine (Arenicola, Cirratulus, Glycera, Lanice, Nereis, Polydora, Serpula) [links]
- Oligochaeta earthworms, terrestrial bristle worms (Dendrobaena, Eisenia, Lumbricus, Tubifex) [links]
- Rotifera (=Rotatoria) rotifers,'wheel animals' named for rotating ring of cilia; a pseudocoelomate phylum (Asplanchna, Brachionus, Lecane) [links]
- Cephalorhyncha cephalorhynchans
- Chaetognatha chaetognaths, arrow worms, small marine arrow shaped organisms with moveable hooks (Sagitta) [links]
- Cycliophora a new phylum only discovered in 1995 with a single species (Symbion pandora) [links]
- Echiura echiurans, spoon worms, marine worms with extensible proboscis which live in u-shaped tubes (Echiurus, Urechis) [links]
- Gastrotricha gastrotrichs, free-living wormlike organisms with lobed heads; a pseudocoelomate phylum (Chaetonotus, Macrodasys, Xenotrichula) [links]
- Gnathostomulida gnathostomulids, jaw worms; a pseudocoelomate phylum (Gnathostomula) [links]
- Kinorhyncha kinorhynchs, free-living marine, with spiny heads used in characteristic locomotion after which they are named; a pseudocoelomate phylum (Echinoderes) [links]
- Lobopodia
- Loricifera loricifers; a pseudocoelomate phylum first described in 1983 with spiny heads and abdominal plates called lorica (Nanaloricus) [links]
- Placozoa a parazoan group represented by the single species (Trichoplax adhaerens) [links]
- Pogonophora pogonophorans, beard worms, deep-sea sessile worms of uncertain lineage which produce upright tubes to live in (Siboglinum) [links]
- Priapulida (=Priapula) priapulids; a pseudocoelomate protostomate phylum, short fat marine worms about which relatively little is known (Priapulus) [links]
- Sipuncula sipunculids, peanut worms, unsegmented protostomate marine worms characterized by the introvert, a contractile organ used in locomotion (Golfingia, Phascolion, Sipunculus) [links]
- Vestimentifera vestimentifers, phylum first described in 1985 for genera formerly considered to be pogonophorans (Escarpia, Lamellibrachia, Ridgeia)
- Conodonta conodonts, group of conoidal shaped fossils (Polygnathus) [links]
- Brachiopoda brachiopods, lamp shells; a marine lophophorate phylum of shelled animals with an extensive fossil record; Lingula is possibly the oldest genus with known living representatives [links]
- Bryozoa (=Ectoprocta, Polyzoa) bryozoans, ectoprocts, polyzoans, 'moss' animals; a lophophorate & coelomate phylum of aquatic & mostly colonial animals; (some classifications group Ectoprocta together with Entoprocta as Bryozoa) (Bugula, Membranipora, Plumatella) [links]
- Entoprocta (=Kamptozoa) entoprocts, kamptozoans; a marine pseudocoelomate phylum, mostly sessile filter feeders (Loxosoma) [links]
- Mollusca molluscs, mollusks, soft bodied animals mostly with an internal or external calcareous shell [links]
- Aplacophora solenogasters, deep-sea worm like animals [links]
- Polyplacophora modern chitons (Chiton, Tonicella) [links]
- Monoplacophora mostly fossil, living species not discovered until 1977 (Neopilina) [links]
- Gastropoda slugs, snails & their relatives [links]
- Prosobranchia snails (Buccinum, Calliostoma, Cerithium, Conus, Cypraea, Haliotis, Littorina, Murex, Oliva, Patella, Strombus, Thais)
- Heterobranchia (Architectonica, Nerinea, Pyramidella, Turbonilla)
- Opisthobranchia slugs
- Anaspidea (=Aplysiomorpha) (Aplysia sea hares)
- Cephalaspidea
(Acteon)- Gymnosomata
(Clione)- Notaspidea (Pleurobranchaea)
- Nudibranchia (Acanthodoris)
- Cephalaspidea
- Pulmonata
- Archaeopulmonata (Melampus)
- Basommatophora (Biomphalaria,
Bulinus, Lymnaea)- Stylommatophora land snails (Achatina, Arion, Helix, Liguus, Limax, Partula, Polymita, Succinea)
- Basommatophora (Biomphalaria,
- Heterobranchia (Architectonica, Nerinea, Pyramidella, Turbonilla)
- Cephalopoda cephalopods [links]
- Nautiloidea once abundant, Nautilus is now the only genus with living representatives
- Ammonoidea ammonites & their relatives, only known from fossils (Ammonites)
- Coleoidea group containing all living cephalopods other than Nautilus
- Belemnitida belemnites, fossils (Belemnites, Gonioteuthis)
- Octopoda octopods, octopuses, devilfishes (Argonauta, Eledone, Octopus)
- Sepiida cuttlefish; often grouped with squid as Decapoda (Euprymna, Sepia, Spirula)
- Teuthida squid; often grouped with cuttlefish as Decapoda (Illex, Loligo, Sepioteuthis, Todarodes)
- Vampyromorpha vampire squid
- Octopoda octopods, octopuses, devilfishes (Argonauta, Eledone, Octopus)
- Ammonoidea ammonites & their relatives, only known from fossils (Ammonites)
- Bivalvia bivalves, pelecypods, lamellibranchs, includes clams, mussels, oysters etc with laterally hinged bivalve shells (Arca, Cardium, Crassostrea, Dreissena D. polymorpha zebra mussel, Macoma, Mactra, Modiolus, Mya, Mytilus, Pecten, Unio, Venus) [links]
- Scaphopoda razor shells, tusk shells, tooth shells (Dentalium) [links]
- Polyplacophora modern chitons (Chiton, Tonicella) [links]
- Arthropoda arthropods, 'jointed legged animals' characterized by segmented bodies and jointed appendages; have gills or tracheae; easily the largest phylum of all animals & of great economic importance, possibly a polyphyletic group [links]
- Crustacea crustaceans, mainly aquatic animals with gills and a dorsal carapace or shell, includes crabs, lobsters, shrimps etc [links]
- Branchiopoda branchiopods [links]
- Anostraca fairy shrimps (Artemia) [links]
- Cladocera water fleas (Bosmina, Daphnia) [links]
- Conchostraca clam shrimps (Leptestheria) [links]
- Notostraca tadpole shrimps (Lepidurus, Triops) [links]
- Cladocera water fleas (Bosmina, Daphnia) [links]
- Branchiura fish lice; incl. in Maxillopoda of some authors (Argulus, Chonopeltis) [links]
- Cephalocarida [links]
- Cirripedia barnacles; incl. in Maxillopoda of some authors (Balanus, Lepas) [links]
- Copepoda copepods; incl. in Maxillopoda of some authors (Acartia, Calanus, Caligus, Cyclops, Diaptomus, Ergasilus, Harpacticus) [links]
- Malacostraca large group with heavily calcified external skeleton, two pairs of well-developed antennae, 8 segments in thorax each with a pair of appendages, 6-7 segments in abdomen; many well known representatives, including: [links]
- Decapoda [links]
- Natantia prawns, shrimps (Alpheus, Crangon, Hippolyte, Macrobrachium, Pandalus, Penaeus) [links]
- Reptantia [links]
- Anomura hermit crabs (Callianassa, Pagurus, Upogebia) [links]
- Astacura crayfish, true lobsters (Astacus, Cambarus, Homarus, Nephrops, Orconectes, Procambarus) [links]
- Brachyura true crabs (Callinectes C.sapidus blue crab, Cancer, Maja, Ocypode, Scylla, Uca) [links]
- Palinura slipper lobsters, spiny lobsters (Jasus, Palinurus, Panulirus) [links]
- Astacura crayfish, true lobsters (Astacus, Cambarus, Homarus, Nephrops, Orconectes, Procambarus) [links]
- Reptantia [links]
- Euphausiacea krill (Meganyctiphanes, Thysanoessa) [links]
- Stomatopoda mantis shrimps (Squilla) [links]
- Amphipoda amphipods (Corophium, Gammarus, Talorchestia) [links]
- Cumacea cumaceans [links]
- Isopoda isopods, pill bugs, woodlice (Armadillidium, Idotea, Ligia, Limnoria, Oniscus, Porcellio) [links]
- Mysidacea mysids (Mysis, Neomysis) [links]
- Natantia prawns, shrimps (Alpheus, Crangon, Hippolyte, Macrobrachium, Pandalus, Penaeus) [links]
- Ostracoda ostracods; incl. in Maxillopoda of some authors (Candona, Limnocythere) [links]
- Anostraca fairy shrimps (Artemia) [links]
- Trilobitomorpha trilobites, known only from fossils (Calymene, Phacops) [links]
- Chelicerata
- Arachnida arachnids, spiders & their allies [links]
- Acari mites, ticks (Amblyomma, Boophilus, Dermacentor, Eriophyes, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, Oribates, Psoroptes, Sarcoptes, Tetranychus, Varroa)
[links]- Araneae true spiders (Araneus, Erigone, Gnaphosa, Pardosa, Tarentula) [links]
- Opiliones (=Phalangiida) harvesters [links]
- Pseudoscorpionida (=Pseudoscorpiones) false scorpions, pseudoscorpions (Roncus) [links]
- Scorpiones true scorpions (Buthus, Centruroides, Tityus) [links]
- Solpugida (=Solifugae) sun spiders (Solpuga) [links]
- Araneae true spiders (Araneus, Erigone, Gnaphosa, Pardosa, Tarentula) [links]
- Merostomata merostomatans, horseshoe crabs [links]
- Xiphosura king crabs (Limulus)
- Pycnogonida (=Pantopoda) pycnogonids, pantopods, sea spiders (Pycnogonum) [links]
- Acari mites, ticks (Amblyomma, Boophilus, Dermacentor, Eriophyes, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, Oribates, Psoroptes, Sarcoptes, Tetranychus, Varroa)
- Smaller arthropod and allied groups
- Arthropleurida arthropleuridans, fossil group (Arthropleura)
- Onychophora onychophorans, velvet worms, small wormlike creatures from humid environments which crawl like caterpillars, show characteristcs of both the annelid and arthropod phyla (Peripatus) [links]
- Pentastomida pentastomids, tongue worms, parasitic group of uncertain affinities (Linguatula) [links]
- Tardigrada tardigrades, waterbears, very small animals with a thick nonchitinous cuticle and 4 pairs of unjointed legs (Echiniscus, Macrobiotus) [links]
- Onychophora onychophorans, velvet worms, small wormlike creatures from humid environments which crawl like caterpillars, show characteristcs of both the annelid and arthropod phyla (Peripatus) [links]
- Myriapoda myriapods (sometimes grouped with Insecta in the arthropod subphylum Uniramia) [links]
- Chilopoda centipedes (Lithobius, Scolopendra)
- Diplopoda millipedes (Glomeris, Polydesmus)
- Pauropoda pauropods (Allopauropus)
- Symphyla (=Symphylida)
- Diplopoda millipedes (Glomeris, Polydesmus)
- Hexapoda insects and some closely related more ancient groups, all with six walking legs
- Entognatha
- Collembola springtails, very abundant & widely distributed (Isotoma, Onychiurus) [links]
- Protura very small & eyeless with enlarged forelegs (Eosentomon) [links]
- Diplura two pronged bristletails (position unclear but traditionally included in Entognatha along with Collembola and Protura) (Campodea) [links]
- Protura very small & eyeless with enlarged forelegs (Eosentomon) [links]
- Insecta insects [links]
- Anoplura sucking lice, true lice (Pediculus, Solenopotes) [links]
- Coleoptera beetles (includes Buprestoidea Caraboidea Lampyris noctiluca glow worm Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado Beetle Strepsiptera) [links]
- Dermaptera earwigs (Forficula, Labidura) [links]
- Dictyoptera [links]
- Blattodea (=Blattaria) cockroaches (Blaberus, Blattella, Periplaneta americana American cockroach)
- Mantodea (=Manteodea) mantids (Mantis, Tenodera)
- Mantodea (=Manteodea) mantids (Mantis, Tenodera)
- Diptera true flies (Aedes aegypti malaria mosquito Chironomidae, Drosophila fruit flies Tachinidae) [links]
- Ephemeroptera mayflies, shadflies (Baetis, Ephemera, Hexagenia, Rhithrogena) [links]
- Hemiptera [links]
- Heteroptera true bugs
- Homoptera
- Aphidoidea aphids, plant lice
- Cicadoidea cicadas
- Coccoidea mealy bugs, scale insects
- Psylloidea jumping plant lice
- Cicadoidea cicadas
- Homoptera
- Hymenoptera includes social wasps and ants [links]
- Symphyta sawflies
- Apocrita
- Evanioidea
- Ichneumonoidea
- Pelecinoidea<">
- Ichneumonoidea
- Apocrita
- Coleoptera beetles (includes Buprestoidea Caraboidea Lampyris noctiluca glow worm Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado Beetle Strepsiptera) [links]
- Collembola springtails, very abundant & widely distributed (Isotoma, Onychiurus) [links]
- Branchiopoda branchiopods [links]
- Porifera poriferans, sponges, characterized by pores in their outside walls through which water is drawn [links]